HomeMy WebLinkAboutPACKET Special Town Board Joint Study Session EVFPD 2026-02-13Informal discussion among Trustees and staff concerning agenda items or other Town
matters may occur before this meeting at approximately 7:45 a.m.
Special Joint Study Session between the Town
Board of Trustees and the Estes Valley Fire
Protection District Board of Directors
February 13, 2026 from 8:00 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.
To be held virtually via Zoom and streamed to the Town YouTube page.
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Contact us if you need any assistance accessing material at 970-577-4777 or
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Meeting Participation
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following links for more information on Digital Accessibility.
Public comment
Public comments are not typically heard at Study Sessions, but may be allowed by the
Mayor with agreement of a majority of the Board.
Agenda
8:00 a.m. Introductions
8:05 a.m. 2025 Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code Discussion
9:30 a.m. Adjourn
The Town of Estes Park is committed to providing equitable access to our services. Contact us
if you need any assistance accessing material at 970-577-4777 or townclerk@estes.org.
Report
To: Honorable Mayor Hall & Board of Trustees
Estes Valley Fire Protection District Board of Directors
Through: Town Administrator Machalek
From: Jon Landkamer, Division Chief of Support Services
Stacey Sutherland, Fire Code Inspector II/ Captain
Steve Careccia, Community Development Director
Dan Wester, Chief Building Official
Date: February 13, 2026
Subject: Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code
Purpose of Study Session Item:
Provide the Town Board and Board of Directors with an overview of the draft Colorado
Wildfire Resiliency Code (Code) with local amendments proposed for adoption by the
Estes Valley Fire Protection District and ratification by the Town of Estes Park. Division
Chief Landkamer will lead the presentation at the study session.
Town Board Direction Requested:
Direction from the Town Board and Board of Directors is sought on the provisions and
proposed local amendments contained within the attached Code.
Present Situation:
The Colorado Department of Public Safety, Division of Fire Prevention and Control,
through establishment of a Wildfire Resiliency Code Board, adopted the Colorado
Wildfire Resiliency Code on June 1, 2025. This model code establishes minimum
standards for the protection of life and property from the hazards of wildfire. As a model
code establishing minimum standards, municipalities may adopt more restrictive
standards through local amendments, but not less restrictive.
Municipalities are required to adopt wildfire regulations that meet or exceed those
established in the State model code by April 1, 2026. Municipal compliance with the
adopted code is required by July 1, 2026.
Proposal:
The attached Code (Attachments 1&2) is the State model code with local amendments
proposed by the Fire Protection District. The local amendments are similar to those
recently adopted by Larimer County, but modified to better reflect the context of the
Estes Valley.
General provisions of the draft Code and local amendments include:
1. Applicability to the entire Estes Valley Fire Protection District (including
incorporated Estes Park town limits) versus use of the adopted State map, which
excludes portions of the Town and District from the Code.
ADOPTED STATE MAP (Estes Valley Area)
2. Removal of Low, Moderate, and High Fire Intensity Classifications, as adopted in
the State model code, in favor of designating the entire Fire Protection District as
a Wildland-Urban Interface area subject to a uniform application of the Code’s
requirements (Attachment 3).
3. Establishes structure hardening requirements (e.g. use of ignition-resistant or
noncombustible materials) for buildings and structures. Applies such
requirements uniformly to all buildings and structures within the Fire Protection
District, rather than using separate Class 1 and Class 2 designations having
different requirements based on fire intensity (Low, Moderate, High), as adopted
in the State model code.
4. Establishes site and area requirements applicable to all land within the Fire
Protection District rather than using separate Class 1 and Class 2 designations
having different requirements based on fire intensity (Low, Moderate, High), as
adopted in the State model code. Such requirements establish Structure Ignition
Zones (0-5 feet, 5-30 feet, 30-100 feet) around a building or structure, with
prohibitions on what can be planted and installed within these zones.
5. Code requirements apply to:
a. New buildings and structures (not retroactively applied to legal existing
buildings and structures);
b. Additions or alterations that increase the existing building or structure
footprint by 500 square feet or more;
c. Total roof cover of a building or structure when 25% or more of the roof
cover is proposed for replacement, reconstruction, alteration, or repair;
d. Total exterior wall area of a building or structure when 25% or more of the
total exterior wall area is proposed for replacement, reconstruction
alteration, or repair;
e. Fencing within eight feet of a habitable building or structure.
6. Establishes a Code Official to administer and enforce the Code (intended to be
the Fire Chief for the Fire Protection District and the Chief Building Official for the
Town).
7. Requires permits for applicable construction (i.e. a new permit for fencing is
proposed).
8. Establishes criteria for the preparation and submittal of construction documents
(e.g. site plans, building/structure footprints, landscaping and vegetation,
topography, defensible space) with application for building permits.
Some exceptions to the Code’s requirements include:
1. Interior alterations of existing buildings and structures;
2. Painting, staining, and similar restorative or maintenance work;
3. One-story, detached accessory structures not intended for habitation (e.g. sheds)
located at least 10 feet from an occupiable structure and less than 200 square
feet (residential) and 120 square feet (non-residential) in area;
4. Certain accessory buildings and structures (i.e. used for utility or agricultural
purposes) located more than 50 feet from a habitable/occupiable structure;
5. Fences more than eight feet from a habitable structure.
The Town (Community Development Building Division) will assume primary
responsibility for implementing the Code’s structure hardening requirements through the
intake, processing, and review of building permits and inspection of associated
improvements. The Fire Protection District will assume primary responsibility for the
review and inspection of site and area requirements. Clarification of responsibilities and
other administrative functions will be further addressed through consideration of a
cooperative agreement resolution during the adoption and ratification of the Code.
Advantages:
• Increased protection of property and life from wildfire hazards
• Implementing measures to protect property and life from wildfire hazards is an
established goal within the Estes Forward Comprehensive Plan
• Potential to create conditions for increased insurability of buildings, structures,
and property
Disadvantages:
• Portions of Estes Park and the Estes Valley are excluded from the high wildfire
hazard zones on the adopted State Map
• Implementing the Code may require additional permits (e.g. fence permit),
inspections, and longer review times to ensure compliance with the Codes
requirements
• Enforcement of site and area requirements could result in property owners
having to remove or severely prune existing trees and vegetation on their
property
• Construction costs may increase due to new requirements for fire-hardened
building materials and construction methods
Finance/Resource Impact:
Administration and enforcement of the Code’s provisions will require significant staff
time and resources (without additional State funding).
Level of Public Interest:
It is anticipated that public interest will be moderate.
Feedback received from the Development Code update’s public engagement efforts
indicate there is broad community support for wildfire mitigation measures in general but
mixed support for required landscape and vegetation removal as part of defensible
space efforts.
Attachments:
1. 2025 Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code (July 1, 2026) with Local Amendments
(Clean Version)
2. 2025 Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code (July 1, 2026) with Local Amendments
(Working Draft)
3. Estes Valley Fire Protection District Risk Map
ATTACHMENT 1
2025 Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code
01 July 2026
CWRC Version 1.0
ATTRIBUTIONS
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This material contains significant portions from the 2024 International
Wildland Interface Code (“2024 IWUIC”), which is a registered copyrighted work owned by the
International Code Council, Inc. (the “ICC”). The 2024 IWUIC, and any and all portions thereof,
have been obtained and reproduced herein with permission. The “International Code Council”,
“International Wildland Interface Code”, the acronyms “ICC” and “IWUIC”, and the ICC logogram
are registered trademarks and service marks of ICC. Use of these marks or the 2024 IWUIC
without advance written permission from the ICC is prohibited.
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Scope and Administration................................................................................ 3
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS................................................................................ 3
SECTION 101 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS......................................... 3
SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY.................................................................................. 5
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT.................................................. 7
SECTION 103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY........................................................ 7
SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL.......................... 7
SECTION 105—TEMPORARY USES, EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS………………...11
SECTION 106—FEES...................................................................................................11
SECTION 107—STOP WORK ORDER........................................................................11
SECTION 108 – CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS………………………...…………….12
Chapter 2 - Definitions........................................................................................................12
SECTION 201 GENERAL.............................................................................................12
SECTION 202 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................12
Chapter 3 - Wildfire Hazard Identification............................................................................15
SECTION 301 GENERAL..............................................................................................15
SECTION 302 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA DESIGNATIONS………….…15
SECTION 303 MAPPING AND APPLICABILITY...........................................................15
SECTION 304 GROUND-TRUTHING........................................................................... 15
Chapter 4- Structure Hardening.......................................................................................... 16
SECTION 401 GENERAL.............................................................................................. 16
SECTION 402 BUILDING MATERIAL........................................................................... 16
SECTION 403 STRUCTURE HARDENING.................................................................. 18
Chapter 5- Site and Area Requirements............................................................................. 21
SECTION 501 GENERAL.............................................................................................. 21
SECTION 502 REQUIREMENTS…………………………………………………….…..….21
Appendix A – PERMITS…………………………………………………………………………...23
Appendix B – CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS………………………………………………..25
Appendix C – INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT…………………………………………...26
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Chapter 1 - Scope and Administration
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 101 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code as
adopted by Estes Valley Fire Protection District, hereinafter referred to as “this code.”
101.2 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration,
movement, repair, maintenance and use of any building, structure or premises that contain
occupiable and/or habitable space, or change in use resulting in an occupiable and/or
habitable space, unless excepted, within the wildland-urban interface areas of Colorado,
as designated in this code. Buildings or conditions in existence at the time of the adoption
of this code are allowed to have their use or occupancy continued, if such condition, use or
occupancy was legal at the time of the adoption of this code, provided that such continued
use does not constitute a distinct danger to life or property.
Buildings or structures moved into or within the jurisdiction shall comply with the provisions
of this code for new buildings or structures.
101.2.1 Appendices. Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unless specifically
adopted.
101.2.2 Factory-built structures (non-residential, residential, and tiny homes).
Structure hardening provisions of this code for factory-built structures as defined by
sections 24-32-3302(9), (10), (11), and (35), C.R.S., are in accordance with Rules
adopted by the Division of Housing in 8 CCR 1302-1, Rule 2 Codes and Standards.
101.2.3 HUD code homes. Homes built to the Housing and Urban Development
(HUD) Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards are exempt from
structure hardening requirements on their first installation. Homes built to the HUD
Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards which are moved into an
applicable Wildfire Resiliency code area are subject to the provisions of this code as
required by the authority having jurisdiction.
101.3 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish minimum regulations for the
safeguarding of life and for property protection. Regulations in this code are intended to
mitigate the risk to life and structures from intrusion of fire from wildland fire exposures and
fire exposures from adjacent structures and to mitigate structure fires from spreading to
wildland fuels. The extent of this regulation is intended to be tiered commensurate with the
relative level of hazard present.
The unrestricted use of property in wildland-urban interface areas is a potential threat to life
and property from fire and resulting erosion. Safeguards to prevent the occurrence of fires
and to provide adequate fire protection facilities to control the spread of fire in wildland-urban
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interface areas shall be in accordance with this code.
This code shall supplement the jurisdiction’s building and fire codes, if such codes have
been adopted, to provide for special regulations to mitigate the fire- and life-safety hazards
of the wildland-urban interface areas.
101.4 Retroactivity. The provisions of the code shall apply to conditions arising after the
adoption thereof, conditions not legally in existence at the adoption of this code and
conditions that, in the opinion of the code official, constitute a distinct hazard to life or
property.
Exception: Provisions of this code that specifically apply to existing conditions are
retroactive.
101.5 Additions or alterations. Additions or alterations shall be permitted to be made to
any building or structure without requiring the existing building or structure to comply with
all of the requirements of this code, provided that, when the work increases the footprint of
the existing structure by 500 square feet or greater, the addition or alteration conforms to
that required for a new building or structure.
Exception: Provisions of this code that specifically apply to existing conditions are
retroactive.
Additions or alterations shall not be made to an existing building or structure that will cause
the existing building or structure to be in violation of any of the provisions of this code nor
shall such additions or alterations cause the existing building or structure to become unsafe.
An unsafe condition shall be deemed to have been created if an addition or alteration will
cause the existing building or structure to become structurally unsafe or overloaded; will not
provide adequate access in compliance with the provisions of this code or will obstruct
existing exits or access; will create a fire hazard; will reduce required fire resistance or will
otherwise create conditions dangerous to human life.
101.6 Roof coverings. The roof covering on buildings or structures in existence prior to
adoption of this code that are replaced or have 25 percent or more of the surface area of
the roof replaced, or where work to reconstruct, alter, or repair the roof covering effectively
replaces such material, shall require the entirety of the roof covering to be replaced with a
roof covering required for new construction specified in Sections 403.2 through 403.2.2.
Exception: Existing roof coverings that are compliant with Section 403.2.
101.7 Exterior walls. The exterior walls of building or structures in existence prior to
adoption of this code where 25 percent or more of the total exterior wall surface area is
replaced, or where work to reconstruct, alter or repair the exterior walls effectively replaces
the exterior wall material, shall require the entirety of the exterior wall surface area, including
attachments, to be replaced with materials required for new construction specified in Section
403.6 through 403.6.2 and the immediate zone within 5 feet of the structure shall be made
to comply with Section 503.1.
Exception: Existing exterior walls that are compliant with Section 403.6.
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101.8 Maintenance. Buildings, structures, landscape materials, vegetation, defensible
space or other devices or safeguards required by this code shall be maintained in
conformance to the code edition under which installed. The owner or the owner’s authorized
agent shall be responsible for the maintenance of buildings, structures, landscape materials
and vegetation.
SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY
102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific
requirement, the specific requirement shall govern. Where, in any specific case, different
sections of this code, or any other adopted code, specify different materials, methods of
construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions
of local, state or federal law.
102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to
provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter,
section or provision of this code.
102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code
are listed throughout this code. Such codes and standards shall be considered as part of
the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further
regulated in Sections 102.4.1 and 102.4.2.
102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and the
referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall govern.
102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the
reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the
scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence
over the provisions in the referenced standard.
102.5 Subjects not regulated by this code. Where applicable standards or requirements
are not set forth in this code, or are contained within other laws, codes, regulations,
ordinances or policies adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, compliance with
applicable standards of other nationally recognized safety standards, as approved, shall be
deemed as prima facie evidence of compliance with the intent of this code. Nothing herein
shall derogate from the authority of the code official to determine compliance with codes or
standards for those activities or installations within the code official’s jurisdiction or
responsibility.
102.6 Matters not provided for. Requirements that are essential for the public safety of an
existing or proposed activity, building or structure, or for the safety of the occupants thereof,
which are not specifically provided for by this code, shall be determined by the code official
consistent with the necessity to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public
health, safety and general welfare.
102.7 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or provision of this code is held to be
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illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or
provisions.
102.8 Existing conditions. The legal occupancy or use of any structure or condition
existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change,
except as is specifically covered in this code, the International Fire Code or the International
Property Maintenance Code, or as is deemed necessary by the code official for the general
safety and welfare of the occupants and the public.
102.9 Historic structures. A variance is authorized to be issued for the repair or
rehabilitation of a historic structure or construction of a contributing structure upon a
determination that the proposed repair or rehabilitation will not preclude the structure’s
continued designation as a historic structure, and the variance is the minimum
necessary to preserve the historic character and design of the structure, within the spirit
of this code.
Exception: Within wildfire hazard areas, historic structures that do not meet one
or more of the following designations:
1. Listed or preliminarily determined to be eligible for listing in the National Register
of Historic Places.
2. Determined as contributing to the historical significance of a registered historic
district or a district preliminarily determined to qualify as an historic district.
3. Designated as historic under a state or local historic preservation program.
102.9.1 Historic preservation exemption. The authority having jurisdiction may
establish a historic preservation exemption or exemptions in their jurisdiction that
consists of the spirit and intent of this code.
102.10 Work exempt from permit under this code. Exemptions from code requirements
shall not be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done in any manner in violation
of the provisions of this code or any other laws or ordinances of the jurisdiction. Compliance
with this code shall not be required for the following:
1. Interior alterations of existing structures.
2. Additions that do not increase the footprint of a structure by more than 500 square feet.
3. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior walls of an
existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of all exterior walls is
affected.
4. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior roof covering of
an existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of the exterior roof
covering or an attachment thereto is affected.
5. Alterations or repairs to the exterior of an existing structure, or an attachment to it, when
less than twenty-five percent of the exterior of the structure is affected by the alteration or
repair.
6. Painting, staining and similar maintenance or restorative work.
7. One-story detached accessory, non-habitable structures, such as tool and storage
sheds, playhouses and similar uses, provided that the floor area does not exceed 200
square feet and the structure is located greater than or equal to 10 feet from the nearest
adjacent occupiable structure.
8. Accessory structures and buildings of an accessory character classified as Utility and
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Miscellaneous Group U (including Agricultural Structures) located more than 50 feet
from a structure containing occupiable or habitable space.
9. Fences located more than 8 feet from a habitable structure.
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY
103.1 Creation of agency. The Estes Valley Fire Protection District is hereby created and
the official in charge thereof shall be known as the code official. The function of the agency
shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with
the concurrence of the appointing authority, the code official shall have the authority to
appoint a deputy code official, other related technical officers, inspectors and other
employees. Such employees shall have powers as delegated by the code official.
SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL
104.1 Powers and duties of the code official. The code official is hereby authorized to
enforce the provisions of this code.
104.2 Determination of compliance. The code official shall have the authority to determine
compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and
procedures in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies
and procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
104.2.1 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the code
official is authorized to require the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or the person
in possession or control of the building or premises to provide a technical opinion and
report.
104.2.1.1 Costs. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to
the jurisdiction.
104.2.1.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be
prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty
organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is authorized to require
design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design
professional.
104.2.1.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of
the design, operation or use of the building or premises, the facilities and
appurtenances situated thereon and fuel management to identify and propose
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necessary recommendations.
104.2.1.4 Tests. Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the
provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to require tests as
evidence of compliance. Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other
recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized test standards, the code
official shall approve the testing procedures. Such tests shall be performed by a party
acceptable to the code official.
104.2.2 Alternative materials, design and methods. The provisions of this code
are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design
or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any
such alternative has been approved.
104.2.2.1 Approval authority. An alternative material, design or method shall be
approved where the code official finds that the proposed alternative is satisfactory
and complies with Sections 104.2.2.2 through 104.2.2.7, as applicable.
104.2.2.2 Application and disposition. Where required, a request to use an
alternative material, design or method of construction shall be submitted in writing to
the code official for approval. Where the alternative material, design or method of
construction is not approved, the code official shall respond in writing, stating the
reasons the alternative was not approved.
104.2.2.3 Compliance with code intent. An alternative material, design or method
of construction shall comply with the intent of the provisions of this code.
104.2.2.4 Equivalency criteria. An alternative material, design or method of
construction shall, for the purpose intended, be not less than the equivalent of that
prescribed in this code with respect to all of the following, as applicable:
1. Quality.
2. Strength.
3. Effectiveness.
4. Durability.
5. Safety, other than fire safety.
6. Fire safety.
104.2.2.5 Tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalency in support of an
alternative material, design or method of construction application shall be of a scale
that is sufficient to predict performance of the end use configuration. Tests shall be
performed by a party acceptable to the code official.
104.2.2.5.1 Fire tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalent fire safety
in support of an alternative material, design or method of construction
application shall be of a scale that is sufficient to predict fire safety
performance of the end use configuration. Tests shall be performed by a party
acceptable to the code official.
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104.2.2.6 Reports. Supporting data, where necessary to assist in the approval of
materials or assemblies not specifically provided for in this code, shall comply with
Sections 104.2.2.6.1 and 104.2.2.6.2.
104.2.2.6.1 Evaluation reports. Evaluation reports shall be issued by an
approved agency and use of the evaluation report shall require approval by
the code official for the installation. The alternate material, design or method
of construction and product evaluated shall be within the scope of the code
official’s recognition of the approved agency. Criteria used for the evaluation
shall be identified within the report and, where required, provided to the code
official.
104.2.2.6.2 Other reports. Reports not complying with Section 104.2.2.6.1
shall describe criteria, including but not limited to any referenced testing or
analysis, used to determine compliance with code intent and justify code
equivalence. The report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist,
laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official.
The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by,
and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.
104.2.2.7 Peer review. The code official is authorized to require submittal of a peer
review report in conjunction with a request to use an alternative material, design or
method of construction, prepared by a peer reviewer that is approved by the code
official.
104.2.3 Modifications. Where there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out
the provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to grant
modifications for individual cases, provided that the code official shall first find that
one or more special individual reasons make the strict letter of this code impractical,
that the modification is in conformance with the intent and purpose of this code, and
that such modification does not lessen health, life and fire safety requirements. The
details of the written request and action granting modifications shall be recorded and
entered into the files of the code enforcement agency.
104.3 Applications and permits. The code official is authorized to receive applications,
review construction documents and issue permits for construction regulated by this code,
issue permits for operations regulated by this code, inspect the premises for which such
permits have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.
104.4 Access to Property. For the purpose of inspecting and enforcing the provisions of
this code and the terms and conditions of any permit issued under this code, the code official
is authorized to enter upon private property at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice
for the purpose of determining compliance with this code and to evaluate conditions relative
to the permit application.
104.4.1 Authorization. The owner or occupant of the property having a permit under
this code shall allow the code official access to the property to perform the required
inspections. If access is denied, the code official shall apply to the Court with
jurisdiction to seek authority to access the property.
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104.5 Identification. The code official shall carry proper identification when inspecting
structures or premises in the performance of duties under this code.
104.6 Notices and orders. The code official shall issue all necessary notices or orders to
ensure compliance with this code.
104.7 Official records. The code official shall keep official records as required by Sections
104.7.1 through 104.7.5. Such official records shall be retained for not less than 5 years or
for as long as the structure or activity to which such records relate remains in existence,
unless otherwise provided by other regulations.
104.7.1 Approvals. A record of approvals shall be maintained by the code official
and shall be available for public inspection during business hours in accordance with
applicable laws.
104.7.2 Inspections. The code official shall keep a record of each inspection made,
including notices and orders issued, showing the findings and disposition of each.
104.7.3 Code alternatives and modifications. Application for alternative materials,
design and methods of construction and equipment in accordance with Section
104.2.2; modifications in accordance with Section 104.2.3; and documentation of the
final decision of the code official for either shall be in writing and shall be retained in
the official records.
104.7.4 Tests. The code official shall keep a record of tests conducted to comply with
Sections 104.2.1.4 and 104.2.2.5.
104.7.5 Fees. The code official shall keep a record of fees collected and refunded in
accordance with Section 106.
104.8 Liability. The code official, member of the board of appeals or employee charged
with the enforcement of this code, while acting for the jurisdiction, in good faith and without
malice in the discharge of the duties required by this code or other pertinent law or
ordinance, shall not thereby be rendered personally liable, either civilly or criminally, and is
hereby relieved from all personal liability for any damage accruing to persons or property as
a result of an act or by reason of any act or omission in the discharge of official duties.
104.8.1 Legal defense. Any suit or criminal complaint instituted against any officer
or employee because of an act performed by that officer or employee in the lawful
discharge of duties and under the provisions of this code or other laws or ordinances
implemented through the enforcement of this code shall be defended by legal
representatives of the jurisdiction until final termination of the proceedings. The code
official or any subordinate shall not be liable for costs in an action, suit or proceeding
that is instituted in pursuance of the provisions of this code.
104.9 Approved materials and equipment. Materials, equipment and devices approved by the
code official shall be constructed and installed in accordance with such approval.
104.9.1 Materials and equipment reuse. Materials, equipment and devices shall
not be reused unless such elements are in good working order and approved.
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104.10 Other agencies. When requested to do so by the code official, other officials of this
jurisdiction shall assist and cooperate with the code official in the discharge of the duties
required by this code.
SECTION 105—TEMPORARY USES, EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
105.1 General. The code official is authorized to issue a permit for temporary uses,
equipment and systems. Such permits shall be limited as to time of service, but shall not be
permitted for more than 180 days. The code official is authorized to grant extensions for
demonstrated cause.
105.2 Conformance. Temporary uses, equipment and systems shall conform to the
requirements of this code as necessary to ensure health, safety and general welfare.
105.3 Temporary service utilities. The code official is authorized to give permission to
temporarily supply service utilities.
105.4 Termination of approval. The code official is authorized to terminate such permit for
temporary uses, equipment and systems and to order the same to be discontinued.
SECTION 106—FEES
106.1 General. Fees shall be in accordance with the fee schedule adopted by Estes Valley Fire
Protection District, and/or the Town of Estes Park.
SECTION 107—STOP WORK ORDER
107.1 Authority. Where the code official finds any work regulated by this code being
performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe
manner, the code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
107.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of
the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon
issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order
shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is
authorized to resume.
107.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to
give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
107.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been
served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to
remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority
having jurisdiction.
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SECTION 108 - CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
108.1 Site plan. In addition to the requirements for plans in the International Building Code,
International Existing Building Code, and International Residential Code, site plans shall include
topography, landscape and vegetation details, and locations of structures or building envelopes.
The code official is authorized to waive or modify the requirement for a site plan where the
application for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise warranted.
108.2 Defensible Space Site Plans. Defensible space site plans shall be prepared and
submitted to the code official for review and approval as part of the site plans required for a
permit. The code official is authorized to waive or modify the requirement for a defensible
space site plan where the application for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise
warranted.
108.3 Other data and substantiation. Where required by the code official, the plans and
specifications shall include classification of fuel loading, fuel model light, medium or heavy,
and substantiating data to verify classification of fire-resistive vegetation.
Chapter 2 - Definitions
SECTION 201 GENERAL
201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following words and terms shall, for
the purposes of this code, have the meanings shown in this chapter.
201.2 Interchangeability. Words stated in the present tense include the future; words
stated in the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; and the singular number
includes the plural and the plural the singular.
201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not defined in this code and are
defined in other International Codes, such terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them
as in those codes.
201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined through the methods authorized
by this section, such terms shall have their ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context
implies.
SECTION 202 - DEFINITIONS
ACCESSORY STRUCTURE. A building or structure used to shelter or support any material,
equipment, chattel or occupancy other than a habitable building.
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. A structure designed and constructed to house farm
implements, hay, grain, poultry, livestock or other horticultural products. This structure shall
not be a place of human habitation or a place of employment where agricultural products
are processed, treated or packaged, nor shall it be a place used by the public.
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APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official.
AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AHJ). The governmental agency, fire protection
district or other entity charged with adopting, interpreting and administering this code.
BUILDING. Any structure intended for supporting or sheltering any occupancy.
CLASS A TESTS. Class A Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are expected to be
effective against severe fire exposure, afford a high degree of fire protection to the roof deck,
do not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.
CODE OFFICIAL. The official designated by the jurisdiction to interpret and enforce this
code, or the code official’s authorized representative.
DEFENSIBLE SPACE. An area either natural or man-made, where material capable of
allowing a fire to spread unchecked has been treated, cleared or modified to slow the rate
and intensity of an advancing wildfire and to create an area for fire suppression operations
to occur.
EMBELLISHMENTS. Elements incorporated in design and construction for ornamental or
decorative purpose that are not integral to the structure or structural support.
FIRE INTENSITY CLASSIFICATION. The level of fire intensity identified for areas where
significant fuel hazards and associated dangerous fire behavior may exist, based upon
vegetative fuels, topography, weather conditions, and flame length value.
FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION. The use of materials and systems in the
design and construction of a building or structure to safeguard against the spread of fire
within a building or structure and the spread of fire to or from buildings or structures to the
wildland-urban interface area.
FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED WOOD. Fire-retardant-treated wood is any wood product
that, when impregnated with chemicals by a pressure process or other means during
manufacture, shall have, when tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723, a listed
flame spread index of 25 or less. The ASTM E84 or UL723 test shall be continued for an
additional 20-minute period and the flame front shall not progress more than 10.5 feet
beyond the centerline of the burners at any time during the test.
FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number,
derived from visual measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a material tested
in accordance with ASTM E84.
FUEL MODIFICATION. A method of modifying fuel load by reducing the amount of nonfire-
resistive vegetation or altering the type of vegetation to reduce the fuel load.
HABITABLE SPACE. A space in a building for living, sleeping, eating or cooking.
HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION. As described in Section 602.4 of the 2024
International Building Code.
HOME IGNITION ZONE. Home Ignition Zone is the home and the area around the home
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(or structure). The HIZ takes into account both the potential of the structure to ignite and the
quality of defensible space surrounding it.
IGNITION-RESISTANT BUILDING MATERIAL. A type of building material that resists
ignition or sustained flaming combustion sufficiently so as to reduce losses from wildfire
exposure of burning embers and small flames.
IGNITION-RESISTANT VEGETATION. Plants that are less likely to readily ignite from a
flame or other ignition source and produce fewer embers. While they can still be damaged
by fire, their foliage and stems don't significantly contribute to the intensity of the fire.
LOG WALL CONSTRUCTION. A type of construction in which exterior walls are
constructed of solid wood members and where the smallest horizontal dimension of each
solid wood member is not less than 6 inches. Log wall construction shall follow requirements
of ICC 400.
MULTILAYERED GLAZED PANELS. Window or door assemblies that consist of two or
more independently glazed panels installed parallel to each other, having a sealed air gap
in between, within a frame designed to fill completely the window or door opening in which
the assembly is intended to be installed.
NONCOMBUSTIBLE. As applied to building construction material means a material that, in
the form in which it is used, is either one of the following:
1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when subjected to fire.
2. Any material conforming to ASTM E136 shall be considered noncombustible within the
meaning of this section.
3. For the purposes of this code, fire-rated gypsum board tested in accordance with ASTM
C1396 with no less than a 1-hour fire-resistance-rating with fire exposure from the outside
only is considered a noncombustible material.
OCCUPIABLE SPACE. A room or enclosed space designed for human occupancy in which
individuals congregate for amusement, education or similar purposes or in which occupants
are engaged at labor.
ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide weather protection and resistance to
design loads. The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component
serving as both the roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly can include an
underlayment, thermal barrier, ignition barrier, insulation or a vapor retarder.
ROOF COVERING. The covering applied to the roof deck for weather resistance, fire
classification or appearance.
ROOF DECK. The flat or sloped surface not including its supporting members or vertical
supports.
SLOPE. The variation of terrain from the horizontal; the number of feet rise or fall per 100
feet measured horizontally, expressed as a percentage.
STRUCTURE. That which is built or constructed.
STRUCTURE IGNITION ZONE. Structure Ignition Zone is the structure and the area around
the structure (or home). The SIZ takes into account both the potential of the structure to
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ignite and the quality of defensible space surrounding it.
TREE CROWN. The primary and secondary branches growing out from the main stem,
together with twigs and foliage.
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE. That geographical area where structures and other
human development meets or intermingles with wildland or vegetative fuels.
Chapter 3 - Wildfire Hazard Identification
SECTION 301 GENERAL
301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter provide methodology to establish and record
wildfire hazard based on the findings of fact to be regulated by this code.
301.2 Objective. The objective of this chapter is to provide simple baseline
criteria for determining wildland-urban interface areas based on the wildfire
hazard.
SECTION 302 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA
DESIGNATIONS
302.1 Declaration. Because of the history of and potential for large, destructive wildland
fires, all of Estes Valley Fire Protection District is deemed a wildland-urban interface area.
Structures and parcels shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the
provisions for structure hardening of Chapter 4 and site and area requirements of Chapter
5.
SECTION 303 MAPPING AND APPLICABILITY
303.1 Mapping of Wildfire Hazard Areas.
Wildfire Hazard shall be recorded on official maps. These maps identify areas subject to
the provisions of this code and shall be available for public inspection through an
accessible online platform and at designated local government offices.
303.1.1 Map. This map shall be based on a combination of factors including, but not
limited to, vegetative fuels, topography, local weather patterns, and fire behavior
modeling data.
303.1.2 Locally Developed Mapping. The AHJ may develop and adopt local maps
designating wildfire hazard areas within its jurisdictional boundaries.
SECTION 304 GROUND-TRUTHING
304.1 Purpose. This section establishes a process for owners or the owners
authorized representative to request a ground-truthing review of their property’s
Wildfire Hazard or fire intensity classification as identified on state or locally adopted
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maps. The intent is to provide an opportunity to verify that mapping accurately reflects
current, site-specific conditions.
304.2 Determination of Wildfire Hazard and Code Requirements. As determined by the
code official, the Wildfire Hazard Area and associated requirements shall be based on a
review of the vegetative fuels on the parcel, including but not limited to topography, local
weather patterns and fire behavior modeling data.This determination shall be made based
on existing conditions or conditions that have been established by a development plan
approved by the local jurisdiction. Technical documentation shall be submitted in support of
such request by a qualified wildfire professional and in accordance with Section 104.2.
Chapter 4 - Structure Hardening
SECTION 401 GENERAL
401.1 Scope. Exterior design and construction of new buildings and structures within the
wildland-urban interface areas of Colorado shall be constructed in accordance with this chapter.
Exceptions:
1. Buildings of an accessory character classified as Group U occupancy (including
agricultural buildings) of any size located at least 50 feet from a structure containing
occupiable or habitable space.
2. One-story detached accessory, non-habitable structures, such as tool and storage
sheds, playhouses and similar uses, provided that the floor area does not exceed 200
square feet and the structure is located greater than or equal to 10 feet from the nearest
adjacent occupiable structure.
3. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior walls of an
existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of all exterior walls is
affected.
4. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior roof covering of
an existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of the exterior roof
covering or an attachment thereto is affected.
5. Alterations or repairs to the exterior of an existing structure, or an attachment to it,
when less than twenty-five percent of the exterior of the structure is affected by the
alteration or repair.
6. Additions that do not increase the footprint of a structure by more than 500 square
feet.
SECTION 402 BUILDING MATERIAL
402.1 Building material. Building materials shall comply with any one of the requirements
in Section 402.2 through 402.4.
402.2 Noncombustible material. Noncombustible material shall comply with the definition of
noncombustible materials in Section 202.
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402.3 Fire-retardant-treated wood. Fire-retardant-treated wood shall be identified for
exterior use and shall meet the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International
Building Code.
402.4 Ignition-resistant building material. Material shall be tested on the front and back faces in
accordance with the extended ASTM E84 or UL 723 test, for a total test period of 30 minutes, or
with the ASTM E2768 test. The materials shall bear identification showing the fire test results.
Panel products shall be tested with a ripped or cut longitudinal gap of 1/8 inch. The materials, when
tested in accordance with the test procedures set forth in ASTM E84 or UL 723 for a test period of
30 minutes, or with ASTM E2768, shall comply with Sections 402.4.1 through 402.4.3.3. Materials
or products which melt, drip or delaminate to the extent that the flame front is interrupted are not
permitted.
Exception: Materials composed of a combustible core and a noncombustible exterior
covering made from either aluminum at a minimum 0.019-inch thickness or corrosion-
resistant steel at a minimum 0.0149 inch thickness shall not be required to be tested
with a ripped or cut longitudinal gap.
402.4.1 Flame spread. The material shall exhibit a flame spread index not exceeding 25.
402.4.2 Flame front. The material shall exhibit a flame front that does not progress more
than 10 feet 6 inches beyond the centerline of the burner at any time during the test.
402.4.3 Weathering. Ignition-resistant building materials shall maintain their performance
in accordance with this section under conditions of use. The materials shall meet the
performance requirements for weathering (including exposure to temperature, moisture and
ultraviolet radiation) contained in Sections 402.4.3.1 through 402.4.3.3, as applicable to the
materials and conditions of use.
402.4.3.1 Evaluation requirements for weathering. Fire-retardant-treated wood,
wood-plastic composite materials and plastic lumber materials shall be evaluated
after weathering in accordance with Method A “Test Method for Accelerated
Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing” in ASTM D2898.
402.4.3.2 Wood-plastic composite materials. Wood-plastic composite materials
shall also demonstrate acceptable fire performance after weathering by the following
procedure: first testing in accordance with ASTM E1354 at an incident heat flux of 50
kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation, then weathering in accordance with ASTM
D7032 and then retesting in accordance with ASTM E1354 and exhibiting an increase
of no more than 10 percent in peak rate of heat release when compared to the peak
heat release rate of the nonweathered material.
402.4.3.3 Plastic lumber materials. Plastic lumber materials shall also demonstrate
acceptable fire performance after weathering by the following procedure: first testing
in accordance with ASTM E1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal
orientation, then weathering in accordance with ASTM D6662 and then retesting in
accordance with ASTM E1354 and exhibiting an increase of no more than 10 percent
in peak rate of heat release when compared to the peak heat release rate of the
nonweathered material.
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SECTION 403 STRUCTURE HARDENING
403.1 General. Structure hardening shall be in accordance with Sections 403.2 through 403.13
and shall apply to buildings and structures hereafter constructed, modified or relocated into or
within areas of the wildland-urban interface. See also Sections 101.6-101.7.
403.2 Roofing. Roofs shall have a roof covering or roof assembly classified as Class A
when tested in accordance with ASTM E108 or UL 790.
403.2.1 Flame and ember protection of roofs. For roof assemblies where the roof
covering profile creates a space between the roof covering and roof deck, the space
shall resist the entry of flames and embers by one or more of the following methods:
1. Firestopping with noncombustible material of the space between the roof
covering and the roof deck.
2. Installation of one layer of cap sheet complying with ASTM D3909 over the
combustible roof deck.
3. Installation of a listed Class A classified roof assembly.
403.2.2 Roof valley flashings. Valley flashings shall be not less than 0.019 inch (No.
26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resistant metal installed over a minimum 36- inch-
wide underlayment consisting of one layer of cap sheet complying with ASTM D3909
running the full length of the valley.
403.3 Gutters and downspouts. Gutters and downspouts shall be constructed of
noncombustible material.
403.4 Ventilation Openings. Ventilation openings for enclosed attics, enclosed rafter
spaces, and underfloor spaces shall be in accordance with Section 403.4.1 or Section
403.4.2 as applicable.
403.4.1 Performance Requirements. Ventilation openings shall be fully covered with
listed vents, tested in accordance with ASTM E2886, to demonstrate compliance with all
the following requirements:
1. There shall be no flaming ignition of the cotton material during the Ember Intrusion
Test.
2. There shall be no flaming ignition during the Integrity Test portion of the Flame
Intrusion Test.
3. The maximum temperature of the unexposed side of the vent shall not exceed
662°F (350°C).
403.4.2 Prescriptive Requirements. Ventilation openings for enclosed attics, enclosed
rafter spaces, and underfloor spaces shall be covered with noncombustible corrosion-
resistant mesh with openings not to exceed ⅛-inch.
403.5 Protection of eaves. Eaves and soffits shall be protected on the exposed underside by
noncombustible material, ignition-resistant materials, or by materials approved for not less than 1-
hour fire-resistance-rated construction, ⅝-inch Type X drywall, 2-inch nominal dimension lumber,
or 1 inch nominal fire-retardant-treated wood or ¾ inch nominal fire-retardant-treated plywood,
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identified for exterior use and meeting the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International
Building Code. Fascias are required and shall be protected on the backside by noncombustible
material, ignition-resistant materials, or by materials approved for not less than 1-hour fire-
resistance-rated construction, ⅝-inch Type X drywall, or 2- inch nominal dimension lumber.
403.6 Exterior Walls. Exterior walls of buildings or structures shall be constructed with
one of the following methods:
1. Exterior wall assemblies with a minimum of 1-hour fire-resistance rating, rated for
exposure on the exterior side.
2. Approved noncombustible materials.
3. Heavy timber or log wall construction.
4. Noncombustible materials complying with Section 402.2 on the exterior side.
5. Fire-retardant treated wood complying with Section 402.3 on the exterior side. The fire-
retardant-treated wood shall be labeled for exterior use and meet the requirements of
Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code.
6. Ignition-resistant materials complying with Section 402.4 on the exterior side.
Such material shall extend from the top of the foundation to the underside of the eave or
the underside of the roof sheathing.
Exceptions:
1. Exterior wall embellishments and architectural trim (exclusive of trim on exterior
windows and doors) not to exceed 5 percent of the square footage of the exterior wall.
2. Roof or wall top cornice projections and similar assemblies.
3. Solid wood rafter tails and solid wood blocking installed between rafters having
minimum dimension 2 inch nominal.
403.6.1 Exterior Wall Coverings. Exterior wall coverings shall be limited to the
following:
1. Noncombustible materials.
2. Fire-retardant-treated wood.
3. Ignition-resistant building materials.
Exception: Where options 1 or 2 in section 403.6 are used, vinyl siding may be used as
an exterior covering.
403.6.2 Flashing. A minimum of 6 inches of metal flashing or noncombustible
material applied vertically between the wall sheathing and the exterior cladding shall be
installed at the ground, decking, and roof intersections.
Combustible sheathing products exposed by the gap created at the base of the exterior
walls, posts, or columns must be protected with noncombustible material or ignition-
resistant building materials while still permitting drainage and moisture control from
behind exterior cladding.
403.7 Underfloor enclosure. Buildings or structures shall have underfloor areas enclosed
to the ground or comply with exterior walls in accordance with Section 403.6.
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403.8 Decking. Unenclosed decks shall have the deck walking surface constructed of one
of the following:
1. Approved noncombustible materials
2. Class A rated material
Exception: Composite decking material with a minimum Class B rating
3. Fire-retardant-treated wood identified for exterior use and meeting the requirements of
Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code
4. Ignition-resistant building materials in accordance with Section 402.4.
403.9 Appendages and Projections. Appendages and projections shall be constructed in
accordance with Section 403.6.
403.10 Exterior Glazing. Exterior windows, window walls and glazed doors, windows
within exterior doors, and skylights shall be tempered glass, multilayered glazed panels,
glass block or have a fire protection rating of not less than 20 minutes.
403.11 Exterior Doors. Exterior doors shall be approved noncombustible construction,
solid core wood not less than 1 ¾-inches thick or have a fire protection rating of not less
than 20 minutes. Windows within doors and glazed doors shall be in accordance with
Section 403.10.
Exception: Vehicle access doors.
403.12 Vehicle Access Door Perimeter Gap. Exterior vehicle access doors shall resist
the intrusion of embers from entering by preventing gaps between doors and door
openings, at the head, sill, and jamb of doors from exceeding ⅛ inch as approved by the
AHJ.
Gaps between doors and door openings shall be controlled by one of the following methods:
1. Weather-stripping products made of materials that: (a) have been tested for tensile
strength in accordance with ASTM D638 (Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of
Plastics) after exposure to ASTM G155 (Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light
Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials) for a period of 2,000 hours, when the
maximum allowable difference in tensile strength values between exposed and non-
exposed samples does not exceed 10 percent; and (b) exhibit a V-2 or better flammability
rating when tested to UL 94 (Standards for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for
Parts in Devices and Appliances).
2. Door overlaps onto jambs and headers.
3. Garage door jambs and headers covered with metal flashing.
403.13 Detached Accessory Structures. Detached accessory structures located less
than 50 feet from a building containing habitable or occupiable space shall have exterior
walls constructed in accordance with Sections 403.6 through 403.6.2.
403.13.1 Underfloor areas. Where the detached structure is located and
constructed so that the structure or any portion thereof projects over a descending
slope surface greater than 10 percent, the area below the structure shall have
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underfloor areas enclosed to within 6 inches of the ground, with exterior wall
construction in accordance with Section 403.6 or underfloor protection in
accordance with Section 403.7 or with ⅛-inch metal corrosion-resistant screen with
a hardened zone within 5 feet.
Exception: The enclosure shall not be required where the underside of exposed
floors and exposed structural columns, beams and supporting walls are protected as
required for exterior 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction, heavy timber
construction, noncombustible materials on the exterior side, or fire-retardant-treated
wood on the exterior side. The fire-retardant-treated wood shall be labeled for exterior
use and meet the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building
Code.
Chapter 5 - Site and Area Requirements
SECTION 501 GENERAL
501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to parcels subject to this code.
501.2 Reference. As needed, the code official shall refer to the Home Ignition Zone (HIZ)
Guide as developed by the Colorado State Forest Service.
Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and the HIZ Guide, the provisions of
this code shall govern. The provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence
over the provisions in the referenced standard.
SECTION 502 REQUIREMENTS
502.1 Structure Ignition Zone 1 (0-5 feet): Immediate Zone
502.1.1 Objective. This zone is designed to reduce or eliminate ember ignition and
direct flame contact with the structure, decks, stairs, and attachments.
502.1.2 Materials. Use noncombustible, hard surface materials in this zone, such
as rock, gravel, sand, concrete, bare earth or stone/concrete pavers.
502.1.3 Plantings. Remove all plantings including shrubs, slash, combustible
mulch and other woody debris.
502.1.4 Trees. There shall be no planting of new trees in the immediate zone.
Mature trees of no less than 10-inch diameter at 4.5 feet above ground level may
be maintained.
Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be pruned to maintain a
minimum clearance of 10 feet.
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Prune tree branches to a height of 6-10 feet from the ground or a third of the total
height of the tree, whichever is less.
502.2 Structure Ignition Zone 2 (5-30 feet) Intermediate Zone
502.2.1 Objective. This zone is designed to give an approaching fire less fuel, which
will help reduce its intensity as it gets nearer to structures.
502.2.2 Materials. Ignition-resistant plantings, per an approved list by the AHJ that
is not less than that created by the Colorado State Forest Service, are allowed in the
Intermediate Zone. Within the fuel modification area, hazardous dead plant material
must be removed from live vegetation.
502.2.3 Fuels Accumulation. Avoid large accumulations of surface fuels such as
logs, branches, slash and combustible mulch.
502.2.4 Trees. Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be
pruned to maintain a minimum clearance of 10 feet. Prune tree branches to a height
of 6-10 feet from the ground or a third of the total height of the tree, whichever is
less.
502.2.4.1 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced to
prevent structure ignition and promote fuel discontinuity to limit fire spread.
502.2.5 Shrubs. Shrub groups within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure
ignition. Shrubs shall be at least 10 feet away from the edge of tree branches.
502.3 Structure Ignition Zone 3 (30-100 feet) Expanded Zone
502.3.1 Objective. This zone focuses on mitigation that keeps fire on the ground.
502.3.1.1 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced at a minimum of 6-
10 feet.
502.4 Site Signage
502.4.1 Marking of roads. Approved signs or other approved notices shall be
provided and maintained for access roads and driveways to identify such roads and
prohibit the obstruction thereof.
502.4.2 Marking of fire protection equipment. Fire protection equipment and fire
hydrants shall be clearly identified in a manner approved by the code official to
prevent obstruction.
502.4.3 Address markers. Buildings shall have a permanently posted address,
which shall be placed at each driveway entrance and be visible from both directions
of travel along the road. In all cases, the address shall be posted at the beginning of
construction and shall be maintained thereafter, and the address shall be visible and
legible from the road on which the address is located in a manner approved by the
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code official.
502.5 Retaining Walls
502.5.1 Retaining Walls. Retaining walls shall be constructed with either noncombustible
or ignition-resistant materials when any of the following conditions exist:
1. The retaining wall is within 8 feet of a structure regulated by this code or up to the
property line when the property line is less than 8 feet away from the structure.
2. The retaining wall is integral to the support of a structure regulated by this code.
3. The retaining wall is integral to the egress from a structure regulated by this code to
a public way, easement, or private road.
502.6 Fencing
502.6.1 Fencing. Fencing within 8 feet of a structure regulated by this code or up to the
property line when the property line is less than 8 feet away from the structure shall be
constructed with noncombustible or ignition-resistant materials.
Exception: Vinyl fencing may be allowed.
Appendix A: PERMITS
A101.1 General. Where not otherwise provided in the requirements of the International
Building Code or International Fire Code, permits are required in accordance with Sections
A101.2 through A101.9.
A101.2 Permits required. Unless otherwise exempted, buildings or structures regulated by
this code shall not be erected, constructed, altered, repaired, moved, converted, changed,
or changed in use or occupancy unless a separate permit for each building or structure has
first been obtained from the code official.
For buildings or structures erected for temporary uses, see Section 105.
A101.3 Permit application. To obtain a permit, the applicant shall first file an application
therefore in writing on a form furnished by the code enforcement agency for that purpose.
Every such application shall:
1. Identify and describe the work, activity, operation, practice or function to be covered by
the permit for which application is made.
2. Describe the land on which the proposed work, activity, operation, practice or function is
to be done by legal description, street address or similar description that will readily identify
and definitely locate the proposed building, work, activity, operation, practice or function.
3. Indicate the use or occupancy for which the proposed work, activity, operation, practice
or function is intended.
4. Be accompanied by plans, diagrams, computation and specifications and other data as
required in Appendix B.
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5. State the valuation of any new building or structure or any addition, remodeling or
alteration to an existing building.
6. Be signed by the applicant or the applicant’s authorized agent.
7. Give such other data and information as required by the code official.
A101.3.1 Preliminary inspection. Before a permit is issued, the code official is authorized
to inspect and approve the systems, equipment, buildings, devices, premises and spaces
or areas to be used.
A101.3.2 Time limitation of application. An application for a permit for any proposed work
shall be deemed to have been abandoned 180 days after the date of filing, unless such
application has been pursued in good faith or a permit has been issued; except that the code
official is authorized to grant one or more extensions of time for additional periods not
exceeding 180 days each. The extension shall be requested in writing and justifiable cause
demonstrated.
A101.4 Permit approval. Before a permit is issued, the code official, or an authorized
representative, shall review and approve permitted uses, occupancies or structures. Where
laws or regulations are enforceable by other agencies or departments, a joint approval shall
be obtained from agencies or departments concerned.
A101.5 Permit issuance. The application, plans, specifications and other data filed by an
applicant for a permit shall be reviewed by the code official. If the code official finds that the
work described in an application for a permit and the plan, specifications and other data filed
therewith conform to the requirements of this code, the code official is allowed to issue a
permit to the applicant.
When the code official issues the permit, the code official shall endorse in writing or stamp
the plans and specifications APPROVED. Such approved plans and specifications shall not
be changed, modified or altered without authorization from the code official, and work
regulated by this code shall be done in accordance with the approved plans.
A101.5.1 Refusal to issue a permit. Where the application or construction
documents do not conform to the requirements of pertinent laws, the code official
shall reject such application in writing, stating the reasons therefore.
A101.6 Validity of permit. The issuance or granting of a permit or approval of plans,
specifications and computations shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an approval of,
any violation of any of the provisions of this code or of any other ordinance of the jurisdiction.
Permits presuming to give authority to violate or conceal the provisions of this code or other
ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.
A101.7 Expiration. Every permit issued by the code official under the provisions of this code
shall expire by limitation and become null and void if the building, use or work authorized by
such permit is not commenced within 180 days from the date of such permit,or if the building,
use or work authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned at any time after the
work is commenced for a period of 180 days.
Any permittee holding an unexpired permit is allowed to apply for an extension of the time
within which work is allowed to commence under that permit where the permittee is unable
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to commence work within the time required by this section for good and satisfactory reasons.
The code official is authorized to extend the time for action by the permittee for a period not
exceeding 180 days on written request by the permittee showing that circumstances beyond
the control of the permittee have prevented action from being taken. Permits shall not be
extended more than once.
A101.8 Retention of permits. Permits shall at all times be kept on the premises designated
therein and shall at all times be subject to inspection by the code official or other authorized
representative.
A101.9 Revocation of permits. Permits issued under this code can be suspended or
revoked where it is determined by the code official that:
1. It is used by a person other than the person to whom the permit was issued.
2. It is used for a location other than that for which the permit was issued.
3. Any of the conditions or limitations set forth in the permit have been violated.
4. The permittee fails, refuses or neglects to comply with any order or notice duly served
on him or her under the provisions of this code within the time provided therein.
5. There has been any false statement or misrepresentation as to material fact in the
application or plans on which the permit or application was made.
6. The permit is issued in error or in violation of any other ordinance, regulations or
provisions of this code.
The code official is allowed to, in writing, suspend or revoke a permit issued under the
provisions of this code whenever the permit is issued in error or on the basis of incorrect
information supplied, or in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions
of this code.
Appendix B: CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
B101.1 General. Plans, engineering calculations, diagrams and other data shall be
submitted in the format as required by the jurisdiction. The construction documents shall be
prepared and submitted where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project
is to be constructed. Where special conditions exist, the code official is authorized to require
additional documentation.
Exception: Submission of plans, calculations, construction inspection requirements and
other data, if it is found that the nature of the work applied for is such that reviewing of plans
is not necessary to obtain compliance with this code.
B101.2 Information on plans and specifications. Plans and specifications shall be drawn
to scale on substantial paper or cloth, submitted electronically, and shall be of sufficient
clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed, and show in detail
that it will conform to the provisions of this code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and
regulations.
B101.3 Site plan. In addition to the requirements for plans in the International Building
Code, site plans shall include topography, landscape and vegetation details and locations
of structures or building envelopes. The code official is authorized to waive or modify the
requirement for a site plan where the application for permit is for alteration or repair or where
otherwise warranted. Identify the fire intensity classification.
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B101.3.1 Defensible Space Site Plans. Defensible space site plans shall be
prepared and submitted to the code official for review and approval as part of the site
plans required for a permit. The code official is authorized to waive or modify the
requirement for a defensible space site plan where the application for permit is for
alteration or repair or where otherwise warranted.
B101.5 Other data and substantiation. Where required by the code official, the plans and
specifications shall include classification of fuel loading, fuel model light, medium or heavy,
and substantiating data to verify classification of fire-resistive vegetation.
B101.6 Retention of plans. One set of approved plans, specifications and computations
shall be retained by the code official for a period of not less than 180 days from date of
completion of the permitted work or as required by state or local laws.
B101.7 Examination of documents. The code official shall examine or cause to be
examined the accompanying construction documents and shall ascertain by such
examinations whether the construction indicated and described is in accordance with the
requirements of this code and other pertinent laws or ordinances.
B101.8 Amended construction documents. Work shall be installed in accordance with the
approved construction documents, and changes made during construction that are not in
compliance with the approved documents shall be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of
construction documents.
B101.9 Previous approvals. This code shall not require changes in the construction
documents, construction or designated occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit
has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction of which
has been pursued in good faith within 180 days after the effective date of this code and has
not been abandoned.
B101.10 Phased approval. The code official is authorized to issue a permit for the
construction of foundations or any other part of a building or structure before the construction
documents for the whole building or structure have been submitted, provided that adequate
information and detailed statements have been filed complying with pertinent requirements
of this code. The holder of such permit for the foundation or other parts of a building or
structure shall proceed at the holder’s own risk with the building operation and without
assurance that a permit for the entire structure will be granted.
Appendix C: INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT
C101.1 Inspection. Inspections shall be in accordance with Sections C101.1.1 through
C101.1.4.3.
C101.1.1 General. Construction or work for which a permit is required by this code
shall be subject to inspection by the code official and such construction or work shall
remain visible and able to be accessed for inspection purposes until approved by the
code official.
It shall be the duty of the permit applicant to cause the work to remain visible and
able to be accessed for inspection purposes. Neither the code official nor the
jurisdiction shall be liable for expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any
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material required to allow inspection.
Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a
violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction.
Inspections presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code
or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.
Where required by the code official, a survey of the lot shall be provided to verify that
the mitigation features are provided and the building or structure is located in
accordance with the approved plans.
C101.1.2 Authority to inspect. The code official shall inspect, as often as
necessary, buildings and premises, including such other hazards or appliances
designated by the code official for the purpose of ascertaining and causing to be
corrected any conditions that could reasonably be expected to cause fire or contribute
to its spread, or any violation of the purpose of this code and of any other law or
standard affecting fire safety.
C101.1.2.1 Approved inspection agencies. The code official is authorized to accept
reports of approved inspection agencies, provided that such agencies satisfy the
requirements as to qualifications and reliability.
C101.1.2.2 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or
their duly authorized agent to notify the code official when work is ready for
inspection. It shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide access to and means
for inspections of such work that are required by this code.
C101.1.2.3 Approval required. Work shall not be done beyond the point indicated
in each successive inspection without first obtaining the approval of the code official.
The code official, upon notification, shall make the requested inspections and shall
either indicate the portion of the construction that is satisfactory as completed, or
notify the permit holder or his or her agent wherein the same fails to comply with this
code. Any portions that do not comply shall be corrected and such portion shall not
be covered or concealed until authorized by the code official.
C101.1.3 Reinspections. To determine compliance with this code, the code official
can cause a structure to be reinspected. A fee can be assessed for each inspection
or reinspection where work for which inspection is called is not complete or where
corrections called for are not made.
Reinspection fees can be assessed where the approved plans are not readily
available to the inspector, for failure to provide access on the date for which
inspection is requested or for deviating from plans requiring the approval of the code
official.
To obtain a reinspection, the applicant shall pay the reinspection fee as set forth in
the fee schedule adopted by the jurisdiction. Where reinspection fees have been
assessed, additional inspection of the work will not be performed until the required
fees have been paid.
C101.1.4 Testing. Installations shall be tested as required in this code and in accordance
with Sections C101.1.4.1 through C101.1.4.3. Tests shall be made by the permit holder or
authorized agent and observed by the code official.
C101.1.4.1 New, altered, extended or repaired installations. New installations and
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parts of existing installations that have been altered, extended, renovated or repaired,
shall be tested as prescribed herein to disclose defects.
C101.1.4.2 Apparatus, instruments, material and labor for tests. Apparatus,
instruments, material and labor required for testing an installation or part thereof shall
be furnished by the permit holder or authorized agent.
C101.1.4.3 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or installation does not pass
an initial test or inspection, the necessary corrections shall be made so as to achieve
compliance with this code. The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to the
code official for inspection and testing.
C101.2 Enforcement. Enforcement shall be in accordance with Sections C101.2.1 and
C101.2.2.
C101.2.1 Authorization to issue corrective orders and notices. Where the code
official finds any building or premises that are in violation of this code, the code official
is authorized to issue corrective orders and notices.
C101.2.2 Service of orders and notices. Orders and notices authorized or
required by this code shall be given or served on the owner, the owner’s
authorized agent, operator, occupant or other person responsible for the
condition or violation either by verbal notification, personal service, or
delivering the same to, and leaving it with, a person of suitable age and
discretion on the premises; or, if such person is not found on the premises, by
affixing a copy thereof in a conspicuous place on the door to the entrance of
said premises and by mailing a copy thereof to such person by registered or
certified mail to the person’s last known address. Orders or notices that are
given verbally shall be confirmed by service in writing as herein provided.
C101.3 Compliance with orders and notices. Compliance with orders and notices shall
be in accordance with Sections C101.3.1 through C101.3.8.
C101.3.1 General compliance. Orders and notices issued or served as provided by
this code shall be complied with by the owner, the owner’s authorized agent, operator,
occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation to which the
corrective order or notice pertains.
If the building or premises is not occupied, then such corrective orders or notices
shall be complied with by the owner or the owner’s authorized agent.
C101.3.2 Compliance with tags. building or premises shall not be used when in
violation of this code as noted on a tag affixed in accordance with Section C101.3.1.
C101.3.3 Removal and destruction of signs and tags. A sign or tag posted or
affixed by the code official shall not be mutilated, destroyed or removed without
authorization by the code official.
C101.3.4 Citations. Persons operating or maintaining an occupancy or premises
subject to this code who allow a hazard to exist or fail to take immediate action to
abate a hazard on such occupancy, premises or vehicle when ordered or notified to
do so by the code official shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
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C101.3.5 Unsafe conditions. Buildings, structures or premises that constitute a fire
hazard or are otherwise dangerous to human life, or that in relation to existing use
constitute a hazard to safety or health or public welfare, by reason of inadequate
maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, fire hazard, disaster damage or
abandonment as specified in this code or any other ordinance, are unsafe conditions.
Unsafe buildings or structures shall not be used. Unsafe buildings are hereby
declared to be public nuisances and shall be abated by repair, rehabilitation,
demolition or removal, pursuant to applicable state and local laws and codes.
C101.3.5.1 Record. The code official shall cause a report to be filed on an unsafe
condition. The report shall state the occupancy of the structure and the nature of the
unsafe condition.
C101.3.5.2 Notice. Where an unsafe condition is found, the code official shall serve
on the owner, owner’s authorized agent or person in control of the building, structure
or premises, a written notice that describes the condition deemed unsafe and
specifies the required repairs or improvements to be made to abate the unsafe
condition, or requires the unsafe structure to be demolished. Such notice shall require
the person thus notified, or their designee, to declare to the code official within a
stipulated time, acceptance or rejection of the terms of the order.
C101.3.5.2.1 Method of service. Such notice shall be deemed properly
served where a copy thereof is served by one of the following methods:
1. Delivered to the owner or the owner’s authorized agent personally.
2. Sent by certified or registered mail addressed to the owner or the owner’s
authorized agent at the last known address with a return receipt requested.
3. Delivered in any other manner as prescribed by local law.
Where the certified or registered letter is returned showing that the letter was
not delivered, a copy thereof shall be posted in a conspicuous place in or about
the structure affected by such notice. Service of such notice in the foregoing
manner on the owner’s authorized agent or on the person responsible for the
structure shall constitute service of notice on the owner.
C101.3.5.3 Placarding. Upon failure of the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or
the person responsible to comply with the notice provisions within the time given, the
code official shall post on the premises or on defective equipment a placard bearing
the word “UNSAFE” and a statement of the penalties provided for occupying the
premises, operating the equipment or removing the placard.
C101.3.5.3.1 Placard removal. The code official shall remove the unsafe
condition placard whenever the defect or defects on which the unsafe
condition and placarding action were based have been eliminated. Any person
who defaces or removes an unsafe condition placard without the approval of
the code official shall be subject to the penalties provided by this code.
C101.3.5.4 Abatement. The owner, the owner’s authorized agent, operator or
occupant of a building, structure or premises deemed unsafe by the code official shall
abate, correct or cause to be abated or corrected such unsafe conditions either by
repair, rehabilitation, demolition or other approved corrective action.
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C101.3.5.5 Summary abatement. Where conditions exist that are deemed
hazardous to life and property, the code official is authorized to abate or correct
summarily such hazardous conditions that are in violation of this code.
C101.3.5.6 Evacuation. The code official shall be authorized to order the immediate
evacuation of any occupied building, structure or premises deemed unsafe where
such hazardous conditions exist that present imminent danger to the occupants.
Persons so notified shall immediately leave the structure or premises and shall not
enter or reenter until authorized to do so by the code official.
C101.3.6 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not complied with
promptly, the code official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction
to institute the appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate
such violation, or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy of
the building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or
direction made pursuant thereto.
C101.3.7 Violation penalties. An AHJ has the authority to establish fees.
C101.3.8 Abatement of violation. In addition to the imposition of the penalties
herein described, the code official is authorized to institute appropriate action to
prevent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a violation; or to prevent
illegal occupancy of a structure or premises; or to stop an illegal act, conduct of
business or occupancy of a structure on or about any premises.
ATTACHMENT 2
2025 Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code
01 July 2026
CWRC Version 1.0
ATTRIBUTIONS
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This material contains significant portions from the 2024 International
Wildland Interface Code (“2024 IWUIC”), which is a registered copyrighted work owned by the
International Code Council, Inc. (the “ICC”). The 2024 IWUIC, and any and all portions thereof,
have been obtained and reproduced herein with permission. The “International Code Council”,
“International Wildland Interface Code”, the acronyms “ICC” and “IWUIC”, and the ICC logogram
are registered trademarks and service marks of ICC. Use of these marks or the 2024 IWUIC
without advance written permission from the ICC is prohibited.
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Scope and Administration................................................................................ 3
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS................................................................................ 3
SECTION 101 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS......................................... 3
SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY.................................................................................. 5
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT.................................................. 6
SECTION 103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY........................................................ 6
SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL.......................... 7
SECTION 105—TEMPORARY USES, EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS………………..10
SECTION 106—FEES..................................................................................................10
SECTION 107—STOP WORK ORDER........................................................................10
SECTION 108 – CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS………………………...…………….11
Chapter 2 - Definitions.........................................................................................................11
SECTION 201 GENERAL..............................................................................................11
SECTION 202 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................12
Chapter 3 - Wildfire Hazard Identification............................................................................14
SECTION 301 GENERAL..............................................................................................14
SECTION 302 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA DESIGNATIONS………….…14
SECTION 303 MAPPING AND APPLICABILITY...........................................................16
SECTION 304 GROUND-TRUTHING........................................................................... 16
Chapter 4- Structure Hardening.......................................................................................... 17
SECTION 401 GENERAL............................................................................................. 17
SECTION 402 BUILDING MATERIAL.......................................................................... 17
SECTION 403 STRUCTURE HARDENING................................................................. 18
Chapter 5- Site and Area Requirements............................................................................ 23
SECTION 501 GENERAL............................................................................................ 23
SECTION 502 REQUIREMENTS……………………………………………………….….24
Appendix A - PERMITS
Appendix B – CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
Appendix C – INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT
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Chapter 1 - Scope and Administration
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 101 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code as adopted
by Estes Valley Fire Protection District, hereinafter referred to as “this code.”
101.2 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement,
repair, maintenance and use of any building, structure or premises that contain occupiable and/or
habitable space, or change in use resulting in an occupiable and/or habitable space, unless
excepted, within the wildland-urban interface areas of Colorado, as designated in this code.
Buildings or conditions in existence at the time of the adoption of this code are allowed to have
their use or occupancy continued, if such condition, use or occupancy was legal at the time of the
adoption of this code, provided that such continued use does not constitute a distinct danger to life
or property.
Buildings or structures moved into or within the jurisdiction shall comply with the provisions of this
code for new buildings or structures.
101.2.1 Appendices. Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unless specifically adopted.
101.2.2 Factory-built structures (nonresidential, residential, and tiny homes). Structure
hardening provisions of this code for factory-built structures as defined by sections 24-32-3302(9),
(10), (11), and (35), C.R.S., are in accordance with Rules adopted by the Division of Housing in 8
CCR 1302-1, Rule 2 Codes and Standards.
101.2.3 HUD code homes. Homes built to the Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards are exempt from structure hardening
requirements on their first installation. Homes built to the HUD Manufactured Home Construction
and Safety Standards which are moved into an applicable Wildfire Resiliency code area are subject
to the provisions of this code as required by the authority having jurisdiction.
101.3 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish minimum regulations for the safeguarding of
life and for property protection. Regulations in this code are intended to mitigate the risk to life and
structures from intrusion of fire from wildland fire exposures and fire exposures from adjacent
structures and to mitigate structure fires from spreading to wildland fuels. The extent of this regulation
is intended to be tiered commensurate with the relative level of hazard present.
The unrestricted use of property in wildland-urban interface areas is a potential threat to life and
property from fire and resulting erosion. Safeguards to prevent the occurrence of fires and to provide
adequate fire protection facilities to control the spread of fire in wildland-urban interface areas shall
be in accordance with this code.
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This code shall supplement the jurisdiction’s building and fire codes, if such codes have been adopted,
to provide for special regulations to mitigate the fire- and life-safety hazards of the wildland-urban
interface areas.
101.4 Retroactivity. The provisions of the code shall apply to conditions arising after the adoption
thereof, conditions not legally in existence at the adoption of this code and conditions that, in the
opinion of the code official, constitute a distinct hazard to life or property.
Exception: Provisions of this code that specifically apply to existing conditions are retroactive.
101.5 Additions or alterations. Additions or alterations shall be permitted to be made to any building
or structure without requiring the existing building or structure to comply with all of the requirements
of this code, provided that, when the work increases the footprint of the existing structure by 500
square feet or greater, the addition or alteration conforms to that required for a new building or
structure.
Exception: Provisions of this code that specifically apply to existing conditions are retroactive.
Additions or alterations shall not be made to an existing building or structure that will cause the
existing building or structure to be in violation of any of the provisions of this code nor shall such
additions or alterations cause the existing building or structure to become unsafe. An unsafe condition
shall be deemed to have been created if an addition or alteration will cause the existing building or
structure to become structurally unsafe or overloaded; will not provide adequate access in compliance
with the provisions of this code or will obstruct existing exits or access; will create a fire hazard; will
reduce required fire resistance or will otherwise create conditions dangerous to human life.
101.6 Roof coverings. The roof covering on buildings or structures in existence prior to adoption of
this code that are replaced or have 25 percent or more of the surface area of the roof replaced, or
where work to reconstruct, alter, or repair the roof covering effectively replaces such material, shall
require the entirety of the roof covering to be replaced with a roof covering required for new
construction specified in Sections 403.2 through 403.2.2.
Exception: Existing roof coverings that are compliant with Section 403.2.
101.7 Exterior walls. The exterior walls of building or structures in existence prior to adoption of
this code where 25 percent or more of the total exterior wall surface area is replaced, or where work
to reconstruct, alter or repair the exterior walls effectively replaces the exterior wall material, shall
require the entirety of the exterior wall surface area, including attachments, to be replaced with
materials required for new construction specified in Section 403.6 through 403.6.2 and the immediate
zone within 5 feet of the structure shall be made to comply with Section 503.1.
Exception: Existing exterior walls that are compliant with Section 403.6.
101.8 Maintenance. Buildings, structures, landscape materials, vegetation, defensible space or other
devices or safeguards required by this code shall be maintained in conformance to the code edition
under which installed. The owner or the owner’s authorized agent shall be responsible for the
maintenance of buildings, structures, landscape materials and vegetation.
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SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY
102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement,
the specific requirement shall govern. Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code, or
any other adopted code, specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements,
the most restrictive shall govern.
102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local,
state or federal law.
102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not
specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of
this code.
102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code are listed
throughout this code. Such codes and standards shall be considered as part of the requirements of this
code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1 and
102.4.2.
102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and the referenced codes
and standards, the provisions of this code shall govern.
102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a
referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the provisions
of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced standard.
102.5 Subjects not regulated by this code. Where applicable standards or requirements are not set
forth in this code, or are contained within other laws, codes, regulations, ordinances or policies
adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, compliance with applicable standards of other nationally
recognized safety standards, as approved, shall be deemed as prima facie evidence of compliance
with the intent of this code. Nothing herein shall derogate from the authority of the code official to
determine compliance with codes or standards for those activities or installations within the code
official’s jurisdiction or responsibility.
102.6 Matters not provided for. Requirements that are essential for the public safety of an existing
or proposed activity, building or structure, or for the safety of the occupants thereof, which are not
specifically provided for by this code, shall be determined by the code official consistent with the
necessity to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety and general
welfare.
102.7 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or
void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions.
102.8 Existing conditions. The legal occupancy or use of any structure or condition existing on the
date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, except as is specifically
covered in this code, the International Fire Code or the International Property Maintenance Code,
or as is deemed necessary by the code official for the general safety and welfare of the occupants and
the public.
102.9 Historic structures. A variance is authorized to be issued for the repair or rehabilitation of
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a historic structure or construction of a contributing structure upon a determination that the
proposed repair or rehabilitation will not preclude the structure’s continued designation as a
historic structure, and the variance is the minimum necessary to preserve the historic character
and design of the structure, within the spirit of this code.
Exception: Within wildfire hazard areas, historic structures that do not meet one or more of the
following designations:
1. Listed or preliminarily determined to be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic
Places.
2. Determined as contributing to the historical significance of a registered historic district or a
district preliminarily determined to qualify as an historic district.
3. Designated as historic under a state or local historic preservation program.
102.9.1 Historic preservation exemption. The authority having jurisdiction may establish a historic
preservation exemption or exemptions in their jurisdiction that consists of the spirit and intent of this
code.
102.10 Work exempt from permit under this code. Exemptions from code requirements shall not
be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done in any manner in violation of the provisions
of this code or any other laws or ordinances of the jurisdiction. Compliance with this code shall not
be required for the following:
1. Interior alterations of existing structures.
2. Additions that do not increase the footprint of a structure by more than 500 square feet.
3. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior walls of an existing
building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of all exterior walls is affected.
4. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior roof covering of an
existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of the exterior roof covering or
an attachment thereto is affected.
5. Alterations or repairs to the exterior of an existing structure, or an attachment to it, when less
than twenty-five percent of the exterior of the structure is affected by the alteration or repair.
6. Painting, staining and similar maintenance or restorative work.
7. One-story detached accessory, nonhabitable structures, such as tool and storage sheds,
playhouses and similar uses, provided that the floor area does not exceed 200 square feet and the
structure is located greater than or equal to 10 feet from the nearest adjacent occupiable structure.
8. Accessory structures and buildings of an accessory character classified as Utility and
Miscellaneous Group U (including Agricultural Structures) located more than 50 feet from a
structure containing occupiable or habitable space.
9. Fences located more than 8 feet from a habitable structure.
10. Any thirty-five acre parcel with only one residential structure on it that does not abut a
residential or commercial area.
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND
ENFORCEMENT
103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
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103.1 Creation of agency. The Estes Valley Fire Protection District is hereby created and the official
in charge thereof shall be known as the code official. The function of the agency shall be the
implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the
concurrence of the appointing authority, the code official shall have the authority to appoint a deputy
code official, other related technical officers, inspectors and other employees. Such employees shall
have powers as delegated by the code official.
SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL
104.1 Powers and duties of the code official. The code official is hereby authorized to enforce the
provisions of this code.
104.2 Determination of compliance. The code official shall have the authority to determine
compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures
in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies and procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
104.2.1 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the code official is authorized
to require the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or the person in possession or control of the
building or premises to provide a technical opinion and report.
104.2.1.1 Costs. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.
104.2.1.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified
engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official.
The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of,
a registered design professional.
104.2.1.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of the design,
operation or use of the building or premises, the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon and fuel
management to identify and propose necessary recommendations.
104.2.1.4 Tests. Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions of this code,
the code official shall have the authority to require tests as evidence of compliance. Test methods
shall be as specified in this code or by other recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized
test standards, the code official shall approve the testing procedures. Such tests shall be performed by
a party acceptable to the code official.
104.2.2 Alternative materials, design and methods. The provisions of this code are not intended to
prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not
specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved.
104.2.2.1 Approval authority. An alternative material, design or method shall be approved where
the code official finds that the proposed alternative is satisfactory and complies with Sections
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104.2.2.2 through 104.2.2.7, as applicable.
104.2.2.2 Application and disposition. Where required, a request to use an alternative material,
design or method of construction shall be submitted in writing to the code official for approval. Where
the alternative material, design or method of construction is not approved, the code official shall
respond in writing, stating the reasons the alternative was not approved.
104.2.2.3 Compliance with code intent. An alternative material, design or method of construction
shall comply with the intent of the provisions of this code.
104.2.2.4 Equivalency criteria. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall, for
the purpose intended, be not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this code with respect to all
of the following, as applicable:
1. Quality.
2. Strength.
3. Effectiveness.
4. Durability.
5. Safety, other than fire safety.
6. Fire safety.
104.2.2.5 Tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalency in support of an alternative material,
design or method of construction application shall be of a scale that is sufficient to predict
performance of the end use configuration. Tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the code
official.
104.2.2.5.1 Fire tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalent fire safety in support of an
alternative material, design or method of construction application shall be of a scale that is sufficient
to predict fire safety performance of the end use configuration. Tests shall be performed by a party
acceptable to the code official.
104.2.2.6 Reports. Supporting data, where necessary to assist in the approval of materials or
assemblies not specifically provided for in this code, shall comply with Sections 104.2.2.6.1 and
104.2.2.6.2.
104.2.2.6.1 Evaluation reports. Evaluation reports shall be issued by an approved agency and use
of the evaluation report shall require approval by the code official for the installation. The alternate
material, design or method of construction and product evaluated shall be within the scope of the
code official’s recognition of the approved agency. Criteria used for the evaluation shall be identified
within the report and, where required, provided to the code official.
104.2.2.6.2 Other reports. Reports not complying with Section 104.2.2.6.1 shall describe criteria,
including but not limited to any referenced testing or analysis, used to determine compliance with
code intent and justify code equivalence. The report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer,
specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code
official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered
design professional.
104.2.2.7 Peer review. The code official is authorized to require submittal of a peer review report in
conjunction with a request to use an alternative material, design or method of construction, prepared
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by a peer reviewer that is approved by the code official.
104.2.3 Modifications. Where there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions
of this code, the code official shall have the authority to grant modifications for individual cases,
provided that the code official shall first find that one or more special individual reasons make the
strict letter of this code impractical, that the modification is in conformance with the intent and
purpose of this code, and that such modification does not lessen health, life and fire safety
requirements. The details of the written request and action granting modifications shall be recorded
and entered into the files of the code enforcement agency.
104.3 Applications and permits. The code official is authorized to receive applications, review
construction documents and issue permits for construction regulated by this code, issue permits for
operations regulated by this code, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and
enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.
104.4 Access to Property. For the purpose of inspecting and enforcing the provisions of this code
and the terms and conditions of any permit issued under this code, the code official is authorized to
enter upon private property at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice for the purpose of
determining compliance with this code and to evaluate conditions relative to the permit application.
104.4.1 Authorization. The owner or occupant of the property having a permit under this code shall
allow the code official access to the property to perform the required inspections. If access is denied,
the code official shall apply to the Court with jurisdiction to seek authority to access the property.
104.5 Identification. The code official shall carry proper identification when inspecting structures
or premises in the performance of duties under this code.
104.6 Notices and orders. The code official shall issue all necessary notices or orders to ensure
compliance with this code.
104.7 Official records. The code official shall keep official records as required by Sections 104.7.1
through 104.7.5. Such official records shall be retained for not less than 5 years or for as long as the
structure or activity to which such records relate remains in existence, unless otherwise provided by
other regulations.
104.7.1 Approvals. A record of approvals shall be maintained by the code official and shall be
available for public inspection during business hours in accordance with applicable laws.
104.7.2 Inspections. The code official shall keep a record of each inspection made, including notices
and orders issued, showing the findings and disposition of each.
104.7.3 Code alternatives and modifications. Application for alternative materials, design and
methods of construction and equipment in accordance with Section 104.2.2; modifications in
accordance with Section 104.2.3; and documentation of the final decision of the code official for
either shall be in writing and shall be retained in the official records.
104.7.4 Tests. The code official shall keep a record of tests conducted to comply with Sections
104.2.1.4 and 104.2.2.5.
104.7.5 Fees. The code official shall keep a record of fees collected and refunded in accordance with
Section 106.
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104.8 Liability. The code official, member of the board of appeals or employee charged with the
enforcement of this code, while acting for the jurisdiction, in good faith and without malice in the
discharge of the duties required by this code or other pertinent law or ordinance, shall not thereby be
rendered personally liable, either civilly or criminally, and is hereby relieved from all personal
liability for any damage accruing to persons or property as a result of an act or by reason of any act
or omission in the discharge of official duties.
104.8.1 Legal defense. Any suit or criminal complaint instituted against any officer or employee
because of an act performed by that officer or employee in the lawful discharge of duties and under
the provisions of this code or other laws or ordinances implemented through the enforcement of this
code shall be defended by legal representatives of the jurisdiction until final termination of the
proceedings. The code official or any subordinate shall not be liable for costs in an action, suit or
proceeding that is instituted in pursuance of the provisions of this code.
104.9 Approved materials and equipment. Materials, equipment and devices approved by the code official
shall be constructed and installed in accordance with such approval.
104.9.1 Materials and equipment reuse. Materials, equipment and devices shall not be reused unless
such elements are in good working order and approved.
104.10 Other agencies. When requested to do so by the code official, other officials of this
jurisdiction shall assist and cooperate with the code official in the discharge of the duties required by
this code.
SECTION 105—TEMPORARY USES, EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
105.1 General. The code official is authorized to issue a permit for temporary uses, equipment and
systems. Such permits shall be limited as to time of service, but shall not be permitted for more than
180 days. The code official is authorized to grant extensions for demonstrated cause.
105.2 Conformance. Temporary uses, equipment and systems shall conform to the requirements of
this code as necessary to ensure health, safety and general welfare.
105.3 Temporary service utilities. The code official is authorized to give permission to temporarily
supply service utilities.
105.4 Termination of approval. The code official is authorized to terminate such permit for
temporary uses, equipment and systems and to order the same to be discontinued.
SECTION 106—FEES
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
106.1 General. An AHJ has the authority to establish fees. Fees shall be in accordance with the fee schedule
adopted by Estes Valley Fire Protection District, and/or the Town of Estes Park.
SECTION 107—STOP WORK ORDER
107.1 Authority. Where the code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a
manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the code official
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is authorized to issue a stop work order.
107.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the
property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop
work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the
order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
107.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a
written notice prior to stopping the work.
107.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a
stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or
unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
The following section is hereby added to read in its entirety as follows:
SECTION 108 - CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
108.1 Site plan. In addition to the requirements for plans in the International Building Code, International
Existing Building Code, and International Residential Code, site plans shall include topography, landscape
and vegetation details, and locations of structures or building envelopes. The code official is authorized to
waive or modify the requirement for a site plan where the application for permit is for alteration or repair or
where otherwise warranted.
108.2 Defensible Space Site Plans. Defensible space site plans shall be prepared and submitted to
the code official for review and approval as part of the site plans required for a permit. The code
official is authorized to waive or modify the requirement for a defensible space site plan where the
application for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise warranted.
108.3 Other data and substantiation. Where required by the code official, the plans and
specifications shall include classification of fuel loading, fuel model light, medium or heavy, and
substantiating data to verify classification of fire-resistive vegetation.
Chapter 2 - Definitions
SECTION 201 GENERAL
201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this code, have the meanings shown in this chapter.
201.2 Interchangeability. Words stated in the present tense include the future; words stated in the
masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; and the singular number includes the plural and
the plural the singular.
201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not defined in this code and are defined in
other International Codes, such terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them as in those codes.
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201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined through the methods authorized by this
section, such terms shall have their ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context implies.
SECTION 202 - DEFINITIONS
ACCESSORY STRUCTURE. A building or structure used to shelter or support any material, equipment,
chattel or occupancy other than a habitable building.
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. A structure designed and constructed to house farm implements,
hay, grain, poultry, livestock or other horticultural products. This structure shall not be a place of
human habitation or a place of employment where agricultural products are processed, treated or
packaged, nor shall it be a place used by the public.
APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official.
The following definition is hereby added to read as follows:
AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AHJ). The governmental agency, fire protection
district or other entity charged with adopting, interpreting and administering this code.
BUILDING. Any structure intended for supporting or sheltering any occupancy.
CLASS A TESTS. Class A Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are expected to be effective
against severe fire exposure, afford a high degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from
position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.
CODE OFFICIAL. The official designated by the jurisdiction to interpret and enforce this code, or
the code official’s authorized representative.
DEFENSIBLE SPACE. An area either natural or man-made, where material capable of allowing a
fire to spread unchecked has been treated, cleared or modified to slow the rate and intensity of an
advancing wildfire and to create an area for fire suppression operations to occur.
EMBELLISHMENTS. Elements incorporated in design and construction for ornamental or
decorative purpose that are not integral to the structure or structural support.
FIRE INTENSITY CLASSIFICATION. The level of fire intensity identified for areas where
significant fuel hazards and associated dangerous fire behavior may exist, based upon vegetative
fuels, topography, weather conditions, and flame length value.
FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION. The use of materials and systems in the design
and construction of a building or structure to safeguard against the spread of fire within a building or
structure and the spread of fire to or from buildings or structures to the wildland-urban interface area.
FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED WOOD. Fire-retardant-treated wood is any wood product that,
when impregnated with chemicals by a pressure process or other means during manufacture, shall
have, when tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723, a listed flame spread index of 25 or
less. The ASTM E84 or UL723 test shall be continued for an additional 20-minute period and the
flame front shall not progress more than 10.5 feet beyond the centerline of the burners at any time
during the test.
FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived
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from visual measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a material tested in accordance with
ASTM E84.
FUEL MODIFICATION. A method of modifying fuel load by reducing the amount of nonfire-
resistive vegetation or altering the type of vegetation to reduce the fuel load.
HABITABLE SPACE. A space in a building for living, sleeping, eating or cooking.
HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION. As described in Section 602.4 of the 2024
International Building Code.
HOME IGNITION ZONE. Home Ignition Zone is the home and the area around the home (or
structure). The HIZ takes into account both the potential of the structure to ignite and the quality of
defensible space surrounding it.
IGNITION-RESISTANT BUILDING MATERIAL. A type of building material that resists
ignition or sustained flaming combustion sufficiently so as to reduce losses from wildfire exposure
of burning embers and small flames.
IGNITION-RESISTANT VEGETATION. Plants that are less likely to readily ignite from a flame
or other ignition source and produce fewer embers. While they can still be damaged by fire, their
foliage and stems don't significantly contribute to the intensity of the fire.
LOG WALL CONSTRUCTION. A type of construction in which exterior walls are constructed of
solid wood members and where the smallest horizontal dimension of each solid wood member is not
less than 6 inches. Log wall construction shall follow requirements of ICC 400.
MULTILAYERED GLAZED PANELS. Window or door assemblies that consist of two or more
independently glazed panels installed parallel to each other, having a sealed air gap in between, within
a frame designed to fill completely the window or door opening in which the assembly is intended to
be installed.
NONCOMBUSTIBLE. As applied to building construction material means a material that, in the
form in which it is used, is either one of the following:
1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when subjected to fire.
2. Any material conforming to ASTM E136 shall be considered noncombustible within the meaning
of this section.
3. For the purposes of this code, fire-rated gypsum board tested in accordance with ASTM C1396
with no less than a 1-hour fire-resistance-rating with fire exposure from the outside only is considered
a noncombustible material.
OCCUPIABLE SPACE. A room or enclosed space designed for human occupancy in which
individuals congregate for amusement, education or similar purposes or in which occupants are
engaged at labor.
ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide weather protection and resistance to design
loads. The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component serving as both the
roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly can include an underlayment, thermal barrier,
ignition barrier, insulation or a vapor retarder.
ROOF COVERING. The covering applied to the roof deck for weather resistance, fire classification
or appearance.
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ROOF DECK. The flat or sloped surface not including its supporting members or vertical supports.
SLOPE. The variation of terrain from the horizontal; the number of feet rise or fall per 100 feet
measured horizontally, expressed as a percentage.
STRUCTURE. That which is built or constructed.
STRUCTURE IGNITION ZONE. Structure Ignition Zone is the structure and the area around the
structure (or home). The SIZ takes into account both the potential of the structure to ignite and the
quality of defensible space surrounding it.
TREE CROWN. The primary and secondary branches growing out from the main stem, together
with twigs and foliage.
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE. That geographical area where structures and other human
development meets or intermingles with wildland or vegetative fuels.
Chapter 3 - Wildfire Hazard Identification
SECTION 301 GENERAL
301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter provide methodology to establish and record wildfire
hazard based on the findings of fact to be regulated by this code.
301.2 Objective. The objective of this chapter is to provide simple baseline criteria for
determining wildland-urban interface areas based on the wildfire hazard.
SECTION 302 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA DESIGNATIONS
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
302.1 Declaration. The AHJ shall declare the wildland-urban interface areas within the jurisdiction
as defined by this code. The wildland-urban interface areas shall be based on the findings of fact.
Because of the history of and potential for large, destructive wildland fires, all of Estes Valley Fire
Protection District is deemed a wildland-urban interface area. Structures and parcels shall be
constructed and maintained in accordance with the provisions for structure hardening of Chapter 4
and site and area requirements of Chapter 5.
SECTION 303 MAPPING AND APPLICABILITY
303.1 Mapping of Wildfire Hazard Areas.
Wildfire Hazard shall be recorded on official maps. These maps identify areas subject to the
provisions of this code and shall be available for public inspection through an accessible online
platform and at designated local government offices.
303.1.1 Map. This map shall be based on a combination of factors including, but not limited to,
vegetative fuels, topography, local weather patterns, and fire behavior modeling data.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
303.1.2 Locally Developed Mapping.
The AHJ may develop and adopt local maps designating wildfire hazard and fire intensity
classifications areas within its jurisdictional boundaries in accordance with Sections 303.1 through
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303.3.
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
303.2 Fire Intensity Classification. Fire Intensity Classification shall be identified on the map in
accordance with Section 303.1. Fire Intensity Classification is determined by expected wildfire
behavior, including flame length and suppression difficulty and is separated into three levels: low,
moderate, and high. The identified fire intensity classification establishes code requirements for
construction and mitigation.
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
303.2.1 Low Fire Intensity Classification. Low Fire Intensity Classification is identified in areas
with light to medium surface fuels, such as grasses, shrubs, and scattered
low-density vegetation. These fuels are often discontinuous, which limits flame propagation but
can sustain burning under moderate weather conditions. Fires in this class may occur on gentle to
moderate slopes, where topography begins to influence the rate of spread. Although flame lengths
remain relatively small, typically less than two feet limited spotting may occur, especially with
wind. Trained firefighters with protective equipment and standard hand tools can usually suppress
these fires through direct attack, particularly on slopes under 30 percent. Mechanized equipment is
typically unnecessary.
Key Characteristics Include:
1. Fuels: Light to medium surface fuels, including grasses, shrubs, and scattered vegetation
(e.g., WNL, USL fuel types).
2. Flame Length: Less than 2 feet.
3. Rate of Spread: Low, increasing with slopes over 20 percent.
4. Spotting: Very short-range spotting is possible under windy conditions.
5. Terrain Influence: More active fire behavior on moderate slopes (20 to 30 percent).
6. Suppression Difficulty: Easily suppressed by trained firefighters using basic protective
gear and hand tools. Direct attack is effective, and mechanized support is rarely needed.
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
303.2.2 Moderate Fire Intensity Classification. Moderate Fire Intensity Classification is
identified in areas with moderate to heavy fuel loads, such as dense shrubs, small trees, and
accumulated ground fuels. Fires in this class present continuous horizontal and vertical fuel
arrangements, allowing flames to reach up to 8 feet in length. Fire behavior is notably influenced
by moderate to steep slopes, often accelerating the spread.
Short-range spotting becomes more common, complicating suppression efforts. Ground crews
typically require mechanized support, such as engines and dozers, to establish control lines. Aircraft
assistance may be necessary, particularly in inaccessible terrain. There is a significant increase in the
potential for property damage and risk to life, especially in wildland-urban interface areas.
Key Characteristics Include:
1. Fuels: Moderate to heavy fuels, including dense shrublands, small trees, timber litter, and
canopy fuels (e.g., USH, UIH fuel types).
2. Flame Length: Up to 8 feet.
3. Rate of Spread: Moderate to high, increasing significantly on slopes over 30 percent.
4. Spotting: Short-range spotting is common.
5. Terrain Influence: Steep slopes (30 percent or greater) increase fire spread and intensity.
6. Suppression Difficulty: Challenging for ground crews without support from engines,
dozers, or aircraft. Dozers and plows are generally effective on moderate terrain.
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The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
303.2.3 High Intensity. High Fire Intensity Classification is identified in areas with heavy,
continuous fuel loads, such as dense forest canopies, thick understory growth, and heavy
dead/downed material. Fires in this class frequently occur on steep slopes, often exceeding 40
percent, where topography dramatically increases the rate of spread and severity. Flame lengths
can exceed 30 feet, and both short- and medium-range spotting are common, particularly in windy
conditions. Direct suppression by ground crews is typically ineffective, requiring indirect attack
strategies, such as backburns and aerial retardant drops. Fires in this class pose extreme risk to life,
property, and firefighter safety, especially in rugged or remote areas.
Key Characteristics Include:
1. Fuels: Heavy fuels, including dense forests, urban core areas with heavy fuel loads, and
canopy-dominated regions (e.g., WNH, USH, UCH fuel types).
2. Flame Length: Up to 30 feet or more.
3. Rate of Spread: Rapid, especially on slopes greater than 40 percent.
4. Spotting: Short-range spotting is common; medium-range spotting is possible under
windy conditions.
5. Terrain Influence: Slopes over 40 percent amplify intensity and spread, creating
dangerous conditions for suppression.
6. Suppression Difficulty: Direct attack by ground forces and dozers is generally ineffective.
Indirect strategies (backburning, aerial support) are often necessary. These fires present significant
danger to life, property, and responder safety.
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
303.3 Applicability of Code Provisions. The requirements of this code shall apply to all parcels
located within designated Wildfire Hazard Areas and corresponding fire intensity classifications as
identified on the official maps. The level of structure hardening, defensible space, and other
mitigation measures required shall correspond to the applicable fire intensity classification—Low,
Moderate, or High as established by the board.
Structures and parcels identified with low fire intensity classification shall be constructed and
maintained in accordance with the provisions for Class 1 structure hardening and site and area
requirements.
Structures and parcels identified with moderate to high fire intensity classifications shall be
constructed and maintained in accordance with the provisions for Class 2 structure hardening and
site and area requirements.
SECTION 304 GROUND-TRUTHING
304.1 Purpose. This section establishes a process for owners or the owners authorized
representative to request a ground-truthing review of their property’s Wildfire Hazard or fire
intensity classification as identified on state or locally adopted maps. The intent is to provide
an opportunity to verify that mapping accurately reflects current, site-specific conditions.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
304.2 Determination of Fire Intensity Classification Wildfire Hazard and Code Requirements.
As determined by the code official, the fire intensity classification Wildfire Hazard Area and
associated requirements shall be based on a review of the vegetative fuels on the parcel and within
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300’ of the parcel boundary, including but not limited to topography, local weather patterns and fire
behavior modeling data. and in accordance with the following fire intensity classifications:
304.2.1 Low Fire Intensity Classification in accordance with Section 303.2.1
304.2.2 Moderate Fire Intensity Classification in accordance with Section 303.2.2
304.2.3 High Fire Intensity Classification in accordance with Section 303.2.3
This determination shall be made based on existing conditions or conditions that have been
established by a development plan approved by the local jurisdiction. Technical documentation shall
be submitted in support of such request by a qualified wildfire professional and in accordance with
Section 104.2.
Chapter 4 - Structure Hardening
SECTION 401 GENERAL
401.1 Scope. Exterior design and construction of new buildings and structures within the wildland-urban
interface areas of Colorado shall be constructed in accordance with this chapter.
Exceptions:
1. Buildings of an accessory character classified as Group U occupancy (including agricultural
buildings) of any size located at least 50 feet from a structure containing occupiable or habitable
space.
2. One-story detached accessory, nonhabitable structures, such as tool and storage sheds,
playhouses and similar uses, provided that the floor area does not exceed 200 square feet and the
structure is located greater than or equal to 10 feet from the nearest adjacent occupiable structure.
3. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior walls of an existing
building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of all exterior walls is affected.
4. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior roof covering of an
existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of the exterior roof covering or
an attachment thereto is affected.
5. Alterations or repairs to the exterior of an existing structure, or an attachment to it, when
less than twenty-five percent of the exterior of the structure is affected by the alteration or
repair.
6. Additions that do not increase the footprint of a structure by more than 500 square feet.
SECTION 402 BUILDING MATERIAL
402.1 Building material. Building materials shall comply with any one of the requirements in
Section 402.2 through 402.4.
402.2 Noncombustible material. Noncombustible material shall comply with the definition of
noncombustible materials in Section 202.
402.3 Fire-retardant-treated wood. Fire-retardant-treated wood shall be identified for exterior use
and shall meet the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code.
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402.4 Ignition-resistant building material. Material shall be tested on the front and back faces in
accordance with the extended ASTM E84 or UL 723 test, for a total test period of 30 minutes, or with
the ASTM E2768 test. The materials shall bear identification showing the fire test results. Panel
products shall be tested with a ripped or cut longitudinal gap of 1/8 inch. The materials, when tested
in accordance with the test procedures set forth in ASTM E84 or UL 723 for a test period of 30
minutes, or with ASTM E2768, shall comply with Sections 402.4.1 through 402.4.3.3. Materials or
products which melt, drip or delaminate to the extent that the flame front is interrupted are not
permitted.
Exception: Materials composed of a combustible core and a noncombustible exterior covering made
from either aluminum at a minimum 0.019-inch thickness or corrosion-resistant steel at a minimum
0.0149 inch thickness shall not be required to be tested with a ripped or cut longitudinal gap.
402.4.1 Flame spread. The material shall exhibit a flame spread index not exceeding 25.
402.4.2 Flame front. The material shall exhibit a flame front that does not progress more than 10
feet 6 inches beyond the centerline of the burner at any time during the test.
402.4.3 Weathering. Ignition-resistant building materials shall maintain their performance in
accordance with this section under conditions of use. The materials shall meet the performance
requirements for weathering (including exposure to temperature, moisture and ultraviolet radiation)
contained in Sections 402.4.3.1 through 402.4.3.3, as applicable to the materials and conditions of
use.
402.4.3.1 Evaluation requirements for weathering. Fire-retardant-treated wood, wood-plastic
composite materials and plastic lumber materials shall be evaluated after weathering in accordance
with Method A “Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire
Testing” in ASTM D2898.
402.4.3.2 Wood-plastic composite materials. Wood-plastic composite materials shall also
demonstrate acceptable fire performance after weathering by the following procedure: first testing in
accordance with ASTM E1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation,
then weathering in accordance with ASTM D7032 and then retesting in accordance with ASTM
E1354 and exhibiting an increase of no more than 10 percent in peak rate of heat release when
compared to the peak heat release rate of the nonweathered material.
402.4.3.3 Plastic lumber materials. Plastic lumber materials shall also demonstrate acceptable fire
performance after weathering by the following procedure: first testing in accordance with ASTM
E1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation, then weathering in
accordance with ASTM D6662 and then retesting in accordance with ASTM E1354 and exhibiting
an increase of no more than 10 percent in peak rate of heat release when compared to the peak heat
release rate of the nonweathered material.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
SECTION 403 CLASS 1 STRUCTURE HARDENING
403.1 General. Class 1 Structure hardening shall be in accordance with Sections 403.2 through 403.13
and shall apply to buildings and structures hereafter constructed, modified or relocated into or within areas
of the wildland-urban interface. having a low fire hazard severity. See also Sections 101.6-101.7.
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403.2 Roofing. Roofs shall have a roof covering or roof assembly classified as Class A when
tested in accordance with ASTM E108 or UL 790.
403.2.1 Flame and ember protection of roofs. For roof assemblies where the roof covering profile
creates a space between the roof covering and roof deck, the space shall resist the entry of flames and
embers by one or more of the following methods:
1. Firestopping with noncombustible material of the space between the roof covering and the
roof deck.
2. Installation of one layer of cap sheet complying with ASTM D3909 over the combustible
roof deck.
3. Installation of a listed Class A classified roof assembly.
403.2.2 Roof valley flashings. Valley flashings shall be not less than 0.019 inch (No. 26 galvanized
sheet gage) corrosion-resistant metal installed over a minimum 36- inch-wide underlayment
consisting of one layer of cap sheet complying with ASTM D3909 running the full length of the
valley.
403.3 Gutters and downspouts. Gutters and downspouts shall be constructed of noncombustible material.
403.4 Ventilation Openings. Ventilation openings for enclosed attics, enclosed rafter spaces, and
underfloor spaces shall be in accordance with Section 403.4.1 or Section 403.4.2 as applicable.
403.4.1 Performance Requirements. Ventilation openings shall be fully covered with listed vents,
tested in accordance with ASTM E2886, to demonstrate compliance with all the following
requirements:
1. There shall be no flaming ignition of the cotton material during the Ember Intrusion Test.
2. There shall be no flaming ignition during the Integrity Test portion of the Flame Intrusion
Test.
3. The maximum temperature of the unexposed side of the vent shall not exceed 662°F (350°C).
403.4.2 Prescriptive Requirements. Ventilation openings for enclosed attics, enclosed rafter
spaces, and underfloor spaces shall be covered with noncombustible corrosion-resistant mesh with
openings not to exceed ⅛-inch.
SECTION 404 CLASS 2 STRUCTURE HARDENING
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety and the subsequent sections renumbered to read as follows:
404.1 General. Class 2 structure hardening shall be in accordance with Sections 404.2 through 404.10.1 as
well as the provisions of Class 1 structure hardening in Sections 403.2-403.4.2 and shall apply to buildings
and structures hereafter constructed, modified or relocated into or within areas of the wildland-urban
interface having a moderate or high fire hazard severity.
403.5 Protection of eaves. Eaves and soffits shall be protected on the exposed underside by noncombustible
material, ignition-resistant materials, or by materials approved for not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated
construction, ⅝-inch Type X drywall, 2-inch nominal dimension lumber, or 1 inch nominal fire-retardant-
treated wood or ¾ inch nominal fire-retardant-treated plywood, identified for exterior use and meeting the
requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code. Fascias are required and shall be
protected on the backside by noncombustible material, ignition-resistant materials, or by materials approved
for not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction, ⅝-inch Type X drywall, or 2- inch nominal
dimension lumber.
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403.6 Exterior Walls. Exterior walls of buildings or structures shall be constructed with one of the
following methods:
1. Exterior wall assemblies with a minimum of 1-hour fire-resistance rating, rated for exposure
on the exterior side.
2. Approved noncombustible materials.
3. Heavy timber or log wall construction.
4. Noncombustible materials complying with Section 402.2 on the exterior side.
5. Fire-retardant treated wood complying with Section 402.3 on the exterior side. The fire-
retardant-treated wood shall be labeled for exterior use and meet the requirements of Section
2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code.
6. Ignition-resistant materials complying with Section 402.4 on the exterior side.
Such material shall extend from the top of the foundation to the underside of the eave or the
underside of the roof sheathing.
Exceptions:
1. Exterior wall embellishments and architectural trim (exclusive of trim on exterior windows
and doors) not to exceed 5 percent of the square footage of the exterior wall.
2. Roof or wall top cornice projections and similar assemblies.
3. Solid wood rafter tails and solid wood blocking installed between rafters having minimum
dimension 2 inch nominal.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.6.1 Exterior Wall Coverings. Exterior wall coverings shall be limited to the following:
1. Noncombustible materials.
2. Fire-retardant-treated wood.
3. Ignition-resistant building materials.
Exception: Where options 1 or 2 in section 403.6 404.3 are used, vinyl siding may be used as an
exterior covering.
403.6.2 Flashing. A minimum of 6 inches of metal flashing or noncombustible material applied
vertically between the wall sheathing and the exterior cladding shall be installed at the ground,
decking, and roof intersections.
Combustible sheathing products exposed by the gap created at the base of the exterior walls, posts,
or columns must be protected with noncombustible material or ignition-resistant building materials
while still permitting drainage and moisture control from behind exterior cladding.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.7 Underfloor enclosure. Buildings or structures shall have underfloor areas enclosed to the
ground or comply with exterior walls in accordance with Section 403.6 404.3.
403.8 Decking. Unenclosed decks shall have the deck walking surface constructed of one of the
following:
1. Approved noncombustible materials
2. Class A rated material
Exception: Composite decking material with a minimum of Class B rating
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3. Fire-retardant-treated wood identified for exterior use and meeting the requirements of Section
2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code
4. Ignition-resistant building materials in accordance with Section 402.4.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.9 Appendages and Projections. Appendages and projections shall be constructed in
accordance with Section 403.6 404.3.
403.10 Exterior Glazing. Exterior windows, window walls and glazed doors, windows within
exterior doors, and skylights shall be tempered glass, multilayered glazed panels, glass block or
have a fire protection rating of not less than 20 minutes.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.11 Exterior Doors. Exterior doors shall be approved noncombustible construction, solid core
wood not less than 1 ¾-inches thick, or have a fire protection rating of not less than 20 minutes.
Windows within doors and glazed doors shall be in accordance with Section 403.10 404.7.
Exception: Vehicle access doors.
403.12 Vehicle Access Door Perimeter Gap. Exterior vehicle access doors shall resist the
intrusion of embers from entering by preventing gaps between doors and door openings, at the
head, sill, and jamb of doors from exceeding ⅛ inch as approved by the AHJ.
Gaps between doors and door openings shall be controlled by one of the following methods:
1. Weather-stripping products made of materials that: (a) have been tested for tensile strength in
accordance with ASTM D638 (Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics) after
exposure to ASTM G155 (Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials) for a period of 2,000 hours, when the maximum allowable
difference in tensile strength values between exposed and non-exposed samples does not exceed
10 percent; and (b) exhibit a V-2 or better flammability rating when tested to UL 94 (Standards
for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances).
2. Door overlaps onto jambs and headers.
3. Garage door jambs and headers covered with metal flashing.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.13 Detached Accessory Structures. Detached accessory structures located less than 50 feet
from a building containing habitable or occupiable space shall have exterior walls constructed in
accordance with Sections 403.6 through 403.6.2 404.3 through 404.3.2.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.13.1 Underfloor areas. Where the detached structure is located and constructed so that the
structure or any portion thereof projects over a descending slope surface greater than 10 percent, the
area below the structure shall have underfloor areas enclosed to within 6 inches of the ground, with
exterior wall construction in accordance with Section 403.6 404.3 or underfloor protection in
accordance with Section 403.7 404.4 or with ⅛-inch metal corrosion-resistant screen with a
hardened zone within 5 feet.
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Exception: The enclosure shall not be required where the underside of exposed floors and exposed
structural columns, beams and supporting walls are protected as required for exterior 1-hour fire-
resistance-rated construction, heavy timber construction, noncombustible materials on the exterior
side, or fire-retardant-treated wood on the exterior side. The fire-retardant-treated wood shall be
labeled for exterior use and meet the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International
Building Code.
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Chapter 5 - Site and Area Requirements
SECTION 501 GENERAL
501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to parcels subject to this code.
501.2 Reference. As needed, the code official shall refer to the Home Ignition Zone (HIZ) Guide as
developed by the Colorado State Forest Service.
Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and the HIZ Guide, the provisions of this code
shall govern. The provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in
the referenced standard.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
SECTION 502 CLASS 1 REQUIREMENTS
502.1 Structure Ignition Zone 1 (0-5 feet): Immediate Zone
502.1.1 Objective. This zone is designed to reduce or eliminate ember ignition and direct flame
contact with the structure, decks, stairs, and attachments.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
502.1.2 Materials. Use noncombustible, hard surface materials in this zone, such as rock, gravel,
sand, concrete, bare earth or stone/concrete pavers.
Exception: Ignition-resistant plantings, per an approved list by the AHJ that is not less than that
created by the Colorado State Forest Service, are allowed in the Immediate Zone.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
502.1.3 Plantings. Remove all plantings including shrubs, slash, combustible mulch and other
woody debris, with the exception of ignition-resistant vegetation.
502.1.4 Trees. There shall be no planting of new trees in the immediate zone. Mature trees of no
less than 10-inch diameter at 4.5 feet above ground level may be maintained.
Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be pruned to maintain a minimum clearance
of 10 feet.
Prune tree branches to a height of 6-10 feet from the ground or a third of the total height of the tree,
whichever is less.
The following section is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:
502.2 Structure Ignition Zone 2 (5-30 feet) Intermediate Zone
502.2.1 Objective. This zone is designed to give an approaching fire less fuel, which will help reduce
its intensity as it gets nearer to structures.
502.2.2 Dead Materials. Ignition-resistant plantings, per an approved list by the AHJ that is not less
than that created by the Colorado State Forest Service, are allowed in the Intermediate Zone. Within
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the fuel modification area, hazardous dead plant material must be removed from live vegetation.
502.2.3 Fuels Accumulation. Avoid large accumulations of surface fuels such as logs, branches,
slash and combustible mulch.
502.2.4 Trees. Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be pruned to maintain
a minimum clearance of 10 feet. Prune tree branches to a height of 6-10 feet from the ground or a
third of the total height of the tree, whichever is less.
502.2.4.1 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure ignition
and promote fuel discontinuity to limit fire spread.
502.2.5 Shrubs. Shrub groups within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure ignition. Shrubs
shall be at least 10 feet away from the edge of tree branches.
The following section is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:
502.3 Structure Ignition Zone 3 (30-100 feet) Expanded Zone
502.3.1 Objective. This zone focuses on mitigation that keeps fire on the ground.
502.3.1.1 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced at a minimum of 6-10 feet.
The following section is hereby renumbered to read in its entirety as follows:
502.24 Site Signage
502.24.1 Marking of roads. Approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and
maintained for access roads and driveways to identify such roads and prohibit the obstruction thereof.
502.24.2 Marking of fire protection equipment. Fire protection equipment and fire hydrants shall
be clearly identified in a manner approved by the code official to prevent obstruction.
502.24.3 Address markers. Buildings shall have a permanently posted address, which shall be
placed at each driveway entrance and be visible from both directions of travel along the road. In all
cases, the address shall be posted at the beginning of construction and shall be maintained thereafter,
and the address shall be visible and legible from the road on which the address is located in a manner
approved by the code official.
The following section is hereby renumbered to read in its entirety as follows:
502.35 Retaining Walls
502.35.1 Retaining Walls. Retaining walls shall be constructed with either noncombustible or
ignition-resistant materials when any of the following conditions exist:
1. The retaining wall is within 8 feet of a structure regulated by this code or up to the property
line when the property line is less than 8 feet away from the structure.
2. The retaining wall is integral to the support of a structure regulated by this code.
3. The retaining wall is integral to the egress from a structure regulated by this code to a public
way, easement, or private road.
The following section is hereby renumbered to read in its entirety as follows:
502.46 Fencing
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502.46.1 Fencing. Fencing within 8 feet of a structure regulated by this code or up to the property
line when the property line is less than 8 feet away from the structure shall be constructed with
noncombustible or ignition-resistant materials.
Exception: Vinyl fencing. Vinyl fencing may be allowed.
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
SECTION 503 CLASS 2 REQUIREMENTS
503.1 General. Class 2 site and area requirements shall be in accordance with Sections 503.2
through 503.3.2 and include all requirements of Class 1 in Sections 502.1 through 502.4.
503.2 Structure Ignition Zone 2 (5-30 feet) Intermediate Zone
503.2.1 Objective. This zone is designed to give an approaching fire less fuel, which will help
reduce its intensity as it gets nearer to structures.
503.2.2 Dead Materials. Within the fuel modification area, hazardous dead plant material must be
removed from live vegetation.
503.2.3 Fuels Accumulation. Avoid large accumulations of surface fuels such as logs, branches,
slash and combustible mulch.
503.2.4 Trees. Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be pruned to maintain
a minimum clearance of 10 feet. Prune tree branches to a height of 6-10 feet from the ground or a
third of the total height of the tree, whichever is less.
503.2.4.1 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure ignition
and promote fuel discontinuity to limit fire spread.
503.2.5 Shrubs. Shrub groups within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure ignition. Shrubs
shall be at least 10 feet away from the edge of tree branches.
503.3 Structure Ignition Zone 3 (30-100 feet) Expanded Zone
503.3.1 Objective. This zone focuses on mitigation that keeps fire on the ground.
503.3.2 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced at a minimum of 6-10 feet.
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Appendix A: PERMITS
A101.1 General. Where not otherwise provided in the requirements of the International Building
Code or International Fire Code, permits are required in accordance with Sections A101.2 through
A101.9.
A101.2 Permits required. Unless otherwise exempted, buildings or structures regulated by this code
shall not be erected, constructed, altered, repaired, moved, converted, changed, or changed in use or
occupancy unless a separate permit for each building or structure has first been obtained from the
code official.
For buildings or structures erected for temporary uses, see Section 105.
A101.3 Permit application. To obtain a permit, the applicant shall first file an application therefore
in writing on a form furnished by the code enforcement agency for that purpose. Every such
application shall:
1. Identify and describe the work, activity, operation, practice or function to be covered by the
permit for which application is made.
2. Describe the land on which the proposed work, activity, operation, practice or function is to
be done by legal description, street address or similar description that will readily identify and
definitely locate the proposed building, work, activity, operation, practice or function.
3. Indicate the use or occupancy for which the proposed work, activity, operation, practice or
function is intended.
4. Be accompanied by plans, diagrams, computation and specifications and other data as
required in Appendix B.
5. State the valuation of any new building or structure or any addition, remodeling or alteration
to an existing building.
6. Be signed by the applicant or the applicant’s authorized agent.
7. Give such other data and information as required by the code official.
A101.3.1 Preliminary inspection. Before a permit is issued, the code official is authorized to inspect
and approve the systems, equipment, buildings, devices, premises and spaces or areas to be used.
A101.3.2 Time limitation of application. An application for a permit for any proposed work shall
be deemed to have been abandoned 180 days after the date of filing, unless such application has been
pursued in good faith or a permit has been issued; except that the code official is authorized to grant
one or more extensions of time for additional periods not exceeding 180 days each. The extension
shall be requested in writing and justifiable cause demonstrated.
A101.4 Permit approval. Before a permit is issued, the code official, or an authorized representative,
shall review and approve permitted uses, occupancies or structures. Where laws or regulations are
enforceable by other agencies or departments, a joint approval shall be obtained from agencies or
departments concerned.
A101.5 Permit issuance. The application, plans, specifications and other data filed by an applicant
for a permit shall be reviewed by the code official. If the code official finds that the work described
in an application for a permit and the plan, specifications and other data filed therewith conform to
the requirements of this code, the code official is allowed to issue a permit to the applicant.
When the code official issues the permit, the code official shall endorse in writing or stamp the plans
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and specifications APPROVED. Such approved plans and specifications shall not be changed,
modified or altered without authorization from the code official, and work regulated by this code shall
be done in accordance with the approved plans.
A101.5.1 Refusal to issue a permit. Where the application or construction documents do not
conform to the requirements of pertinent laws, the code official shall reject such application in
writing, stating the reasons therefor.
A101.6 Validity of permit. The issuance or granting of a permit or approval of plans, specifications
and computations shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of
the provisions of this code or of any other ordinance of the jurisdiction. Permits presuming to give
authority to violate or conceal the provisions of this code or other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall
not be valid.
A101.7 Expiration. Every permit issued by the code official under the provisions of this code shall
expire by limitation and become null and void if the building, use or work authorized by such permit
is not commenced within 180 days from the date of such permit,or if the building, use or work
authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned at any time after the work is commenced for a
period of 180 days.
Any permittee holding an unexpired permit is allowed to apply for an extension of the time within
which work is allowed to commence under that permit where the permittee is unable to commence
work within the time required by this section for good and satisfactory reasons. The code official is
authorized to extend the time for action by the permittee for a period not exceeding 180 days on
written request by the permittee showing that circumstances beyond the control of the permittee have
prevented action from being taken. Permits shall not be extended more than once.
A101.8 Retention of permits. Permits shall at all times be kept on the premises designated therein
and shall at all times be subject to inspection by the code official or other authorized representative.
A101.9 Revocation of permits. Permits issued under this code can be suspended or revoked where it
is determined by the code official that:
1. It is used by a person other than the person to whom the permit was issued.
2. It is used for a location other than that for which the permit was issued.
3. Any of the conditions or limitations set forth in the permit have been violated.
4. The permittee fails, refuses or neglects to comply with any order or notice duly served on
him or her under the provisions of this code within the time provided therein.
5. There has been any false statement or misrepresentation as to material fact in the application
or plans on which the permit or application was made.
6. The permit is issued in error or in violation of any other ordinance, regulations or provisions
of this code.
The code official is allowed to, in writing, suspend or revoke a permit issued under the provisions of
this code whenever the permit is issued in error or on the basis of incorrect information supplied, or
in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of this code.
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The following appendix is hereby deleted in its entirety:
Appendix B: CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
B101.1 General. Plans, engineering calculations, diagrams and other data shall be submitted in the
format as required by the jurisdiction. The construction documents shall be prepared and submitted
where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed. Where
special conditions exist, the code official is authorized to require additional documentation.
Exception: Submission of plans, calculations, construction inspection requirements and other data,
if it is found that the nature of the work applied for is such that reviewing of plans is not necessary to
obtain compliance with this code.
B101.2 Information on plans and specifications. Plans and specifications shall be drawn to scale
on substantial paper or cloth, submitted electronically, and shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the
location, nature and extent of the work proposed, and show in detail that it will conform to the
provisions of this code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations.
B101.3 Site plan. In addition to the requirements for plans in the International Building Code, site
plans shall include topography, landscape and vegetation details and locations of structures or
building envelopes. The code official is authorized to waive or modify the requirement for a site plan
where the application for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise warranted. Identify the
fire intensity classification.
B101.3.1 Defensible Space Site Plans. Defensible space site plans shall be prepared and submitted
to the code official for review and approval as part of the site plans required for a permit. The code
official is authorized to waive or modify the requirement for a defensible space site plan where the
application for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise warranted.
B101.5 Other data and substantiation. Where required by the code official, the plans and
specifications shall include classification of fuel loading, fuel model light, medium or heavy, and
substantiating data to verify classification of fire-resistive vegetation.
B101.6 Retention of plans. One set of approved plans, specifications and computations shall be
retained by the code official for a period of not less than 180 days from date of completion of the
permitted work or as required by state or local laws.
B101.7 Examination of documents. The code official shall examine or cause to be examined the
accompanying construction documents and shall ascertain by such examinations whether the
construction indicated and described is in accordance with the requirements of this code and other
pertinent laws or ordinances.
B101.8 Amended construction documents. Work shall be installed in accordance with the approved
construction documents, and changes made during construction that are not in compliance with the approved
documents shall be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of construction documents.
B101.9 Previous approvals. This code shall not require changes in the construction documents,
construction or designated occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit has been heretofore
issued or otherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction of which has been pursued in good faith
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within 180 days after the effective date of this code and has not been abandoned.
B101.10 Phased approval. The code official is authorized to issue a permit for the construction of
foundations or any other part of a building or structure before the construction documents for the
whole building or structure have been submitted, provided that adequate information and detailed
statements have been filed complying with pertinent requirements of this code. The holder of such
permit for the foundation or other parts of a building or structure shall proceed at the holder’s own
risk with the building operation and without assurance that a permit for the entire structure will be
granted.
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The following appendix is hereby deleted in its entirety:
Appendix C: INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT
C101.1 Inspection. Inspections shall be in accordance with Sections C101.1.1 through C101.1.4.3.
C101.1.1 General. Construction or work for which a permit is required by this code shall be subject
to inspection by the code official and such construction or work shall remain visible and able to be
accessed for inspection purposes until approved by the code official.
It shall be the duty of the permit applicant to cause the work to remain visible and able to be accessed
for inspection purposes. Neither the code official nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for expense
entailed in the removal or replacement of any material required to allow inspection.
Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a violation of the
provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to give
authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall
not be valid.
Where required by the code official, a survey of the lot shall be provided to verify that the mitigation
features are provided and the building or structure is located in accordance with the approved plans.
C101.1.2 Authority to inspect. The code official shall inspect, as often as necessary, buildings and
premises, including such other hazards or appliances designated by the code official for the purpose
of ascertaining and causing to be corrected any conditions that could reasonably be expected to cause
fire or contribute to its spread, or any violation of the purpose of this code and of any other law or
standard affecting fire safety.
C101.1.2.1 Approved inspection agencies. The code official is authorized to accept reports of
approved inspection agencies, provided that such agencies satisfy the requirements as to
qualifications and reliability.
C101.1.2.2 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or their duly
authorized agent to notify the code official when work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of
the permit holder to provide access to and means for inspections of such work that are required by
this code.
C101.1.2.3 Approval required. Work shall not be done beyond the point indicated in each
successive inspection without first obtaining the approval of the code official. The code official, upon
notification, shall make the requested inspections and shall either indicate the portion of the
construction that is satisfactory as completed, or notify the permit holder or his or her agent wherein
the same fails to comply with this code. Any portions that do not comply shall be corrected and such
portion shall not be covered or concealed until authorized by the code official.
C101.1.3 Reinspections. To determine compliance with this code, the code official can cause a
structure to be reinspected. A fee can be assessed for each inspection or reinspection where work for
which inspection is called is not complete or where corrections called for are not made.
Reinspection fees can be assessed where the approved plans are not readily available to the inspector,
for failure to provide access on the date for which inspection is requested or for deviating from plans
requiring the approval of the code official.
To obtain a reinspection, the applicant shall pay the reinspection fee as set forth in the fee schedule
adopted by the jurisdiction. Where reinspection fees have been assessed, additional inspection of the
work will not be performed until the required fees have been paid.
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C101.1.4 Testing. Installations shall be tested as required in this code and in accordance with
Sections C101.1.4.1 through C101.1.4.3. Tests shall be made by the permit holder or authorized agent
and observed by the code official.
C101.1.4.1 New, altered, extended or repaired installations. New installations and parts of existing
installations that have been altered, extended, renovated or repaired, shall be tested as prescribed
herein to disclose defects.
C101.1.4.2 Apparatus, instruments, material and labor for tests. Apparatus, instruments, material
and labor required for testing an installation or part thereof shall be furnished by the permit holder or
authorized agent.
C101.1.4.3 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or installation does not pass an initial test or
inspection, the necessary corrections shall be made so as to achieve compliance with this code. The
work or installation shall then be resubmitted to the code official for inspection and testing.
C101.2 Enforcement. Enforcement shall be in accordance with Sections C101.2.1 and C101.2.2.
C101.2.1 Authorization to issue corrective orders and notices. Where the code official finds any
building or premises that are in violation of this code, the code official is authorized to issue corrective
orders and notices.
C101.2.2 Service of orders and notices. Orders and notices authorized or required by this code shall
be given or served on the owner, the owner’s authorized agent, operator, occupant or other person
responsible for the condition or violation either by verbal notification, personal service, or delivering
the same to, and leaving it with, a person of suitable age and discretion on the premises; or, if such
person is not found on the premises, by affixing a copy thereof in a conspicuous place on the door to
the entrance of said premises and by mailing a copy thereof to such person by registered or certified
mail to the person’s last known address. Orders or notices that are given verbally shall be confirmed
by service in writing as herein provided.
C101.3 Compliance with orders and notices. Compliance with orders and notices shall be in
accordance with Sections C101.3.1 through C101.3.8.
C101.3.1 General compliance. Orders and notices issued or served as provided by this code shall be
complied with by the owner, the owner’s authorized agent, operator, occupant or other person
responsible for the condition or violation to which the corrective order or notice pertains.
If the building or premises is not occupied, then such corrective orders or notices shall be complied
with by the owner or the owner’s authorized agent.
C101.3.2 Compliance with tags. building or premises shall not be used when in violation of this
code as noted on a tag affixed in accordance with Section C101.3.1.
C101.3.3 Removal and destruction of signs and tags. A sign or tag posted or affixed by the code
official shall not be mutilated, destroyed or removed without authorization by the code official.
C101.3.4 Citations. Persons operating or maintaining an occupancy or premises subject to this code
who allow a hazard to exist or fail to take immediate action to abate a hazard on such occupancy,
premises or vehicle when ordered or notified to do so by the code official shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor.
C101.3.5 Unsafe conditions. Buildings, structures or premises that constitute a fire hazard or are
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otherwise dangerous to human life, or that in relation to existing use constitute a hazard to safety or
health or public welfare, by reason of inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, fire
hazard, disaster damage or abandonment as specified in this code or any other ordinance, are unsafe
conditions. Unsafe buildings or structures shall not be used. Unsafe buildings are hereby declared to
be public nuisances and shall be abated by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or removal, pursuant to
applicable state and local laws and codes.
C101.3.5.1 Record. The code official shall cause a report to be filed on an unsafe condition. The
report shall state the occupancy of the structure and the nature of the unsafe condition.
C101.3.5.2 Notice. Where an unsafe condition is found, the code official shall serve on the owner,
owner’s authorized agent or person in control of the building, structure or premises, a written notice
that describes the condition deemed unsafe and specifies the required repairs or improvements to be
made to abate the unsafe condition, or requires the unsafe structure to be demolished. Such notice
shall require the person thus notified, or their designee, to declare to the code official within a
stipulated time, acceptance or rejection of the terms of the order.
C101.3.5.2.1 Method of service. Such notice shall be deemed properly served where a copy thereof
is served by one of the following methods:
1. Delivered to the owner or the owner’s authorized agent personally.
2. Sent by certified or registered mail addressed to the owner or the owner’s authorized agent at the
last known address with a return receipt requested.
3. Delivered in any other manner as prescribed by local law.
Where the certified or registered letter is returned showing that the letter was not delivered, a copy
thereof shall be posted in a conspicuous place in or about the structure affected by such notice. Service
of such notice in the foregoing manner on the owner’s authorized agent or on the person responsible
for the structure shall constitute service of notice on the owner.
C101.3.5.3 Placarding. Upon failure of the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or the person
responsible to comply with the notice provisions within the time given, the code official shall post on
the premises or on defective equipment a placard bearing the word “UNSAFE” and a statement of
the penalties provided for occupying the premises, operating the equipment or removing the placard.
C101.3.5.3.1 Placard removal. The code official shall remove the unsafe condition placard
whenever the defect or defects on which the unsafe condition and placarding action were based have
been eliminated. Any person who defaces or removes an unsafe condition placard without the
approval of the code official shall be subject to the penalties provided by this code.
C101.3.5.4 Abatement. The owner, the owner’s authorized agent, operator or occupant of a building,
structure or premises deemed unsafe by the code official shall abate, correct or cause to be abated or
corrected such unsafe conditions either by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or other approved
corrective action.
C101.3.5.5 Summary abatement. Where conditions exist that are deemed hazardous to life and
property, the code official is authorized to abate or correct summarily such hazardous conditions that
are in violation of this code.
C101.3.5.6 Evacuation. The code official shall be authorized to order the immediate evacuation of
any occupied building, structure or premises deemed unsafe where such hazardous conditions exist
that present imminent danger to the occupants. Persons so notified shall immediately leave the
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structure or premises and shall not enter or reenter until authorized to do so by the code official.
C101.3.6 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not complied with promptly, the code
official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate
proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation, or to require the removal or
termination of the unlawful occupancy of the building or structure in violation of the provisions of
this code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.
C101.3.7 Violation penalties. An AHJ has the authority to establish fees.
C101.3.8 Abatement of violation. In addition to the imposition of the penalties herein described, the
code official is authorized to institute appropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to
restrain, correct or abate a violation; or to prevent illegal occupancy of a structure or premises; or to
stop an illegal act, conduct of business or occupancy of a structure on or about any premises.
ATTACHMENT 3
Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code:
Adoption, Administration, and Implementation
Draft Local Code, based on Larimer County Code Adoption
Estes Valley Fire Protection District
Division Chief of Support Services –Jon Landkamer
Captain Inspector II -Stacey Sutherland
Town of Estes Park Community Development
Community Development Director –Steve Careccia
Chief Building Official –Dan Wester
Scope and Purpose
▪Applies to construction, alteration, etc., in designated Wildland-
Urban Interface (WUI) areas of Colorado.
▪Addresses new and existing buildings, moved structures, and
appendices.
▪Safeguarding life and property from wildfire and structure fires
in WUI areas.
▪“Regulations in this code are intended to mitigate the risk to life and
structures from intrusion of fire from wildland fire exposures and fire
exposures from adjacent structures and to mitigate structure fires from
spreading to wildland fuels.”
▪Supplements local building and fire codes.
Highlights
Additions and Alterations
▪500 square foot trigger.
Roof Coverings
▪25% or more of the surface area of the roof replaced.
Exterior Walls
▪Similar replacement thresholds, 25% or more of the surface area…
Maintenance
▪“The owner or the owner’s authorized agent shall be responsible for the maintenance of buildings, structures, landscape materials, and vegetation.”
Work exempt from permit under this code.
▪Interior alterations, additions less than 500 square feet, exterior walls less than 25%, and exterior roof less than 25%.
Code Compliance Agency
▪Estes Valley Fire Protection District
▪Prevention Division
▪Division Chief of Support Services –Jon Landkamer
▪Plan Review –Fire Marshal Services –Joe Jaramillo
▪Inspector 2 -Captain Stacey Sutherland
▪Town of Estes Park
▪Community Development
▪Designated Chief Building Official
▪Safebuilt –Dan Wester
▪Cooperative Agreement
▪Draft agreement needs to go to legal for both agencies first
▪Fees
▪Fees shall be in accordance with the fee schedule adopted by Estes Valley Fire Protection District, and/or the Town of Estes Park.
Mapping of Wildfire Hazard Areas
▪Larimer County adopted the State Map.
▪They also interpreted into their code that all unincorporated Larimer County is in the Wildland Urban Interface.
▪Local mapping development is allowed.
▪CWPP mapping accurately depicts our wildfire hazard areas and was adopted by EVFPD Board on October 27, 2025.
▪Because of the history of and potential for large, destructive wildland fires, all of Estes Valley Fire Protection District is deemed a wildland-urban interface area. Structures and parcels shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the provisions for structure hardening of Chapter 4 and site and area requirements of Chapter 5.
▪Adopted mapping will be provided to DFPC as they have requested, since we are not using the state map.
▪No Low Hazard in Fire District
▪Moderate or high fire intensity classification requires all the structural hardening requirements, so no need to differentiate.
Structure Hardening
▪Applies to the exterior design and construction of new buildings in
WUI areas.
▪Exceptions:
▪Accessory (Group U) buildings at least 50 feet from an occupiable or habitable
space.
▪Storage sheds under 200 square feet at least 10 feet from an occupiable
structure.
▪Reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of exterior walls, when less
than 25% of the surface area of all exterior walls.
▪Reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior roof covering
when less than 25% of the surface area of the exterior roof.
▪Additions that do not increase the footprint of a structure by more than 500
square feet.
Structure Hardening
Building Material
▪Outlines and defines compliance options.
▪Noncombustible material.
▪Fire-retardant-treated wood.
▪Ignition-resistant building material.
▪Details evaluation methods of building materials.
▪Most of the previous Class 1 requirements are already required
in existing ICC codes
Structure Hardening
▪Class A rating and ember protection of roof covering and assembly.
▪Gutters and downspouts shall be constructed of noncombustible material.
▪Ventilation opening requirements for screening to protect from ember intrusion.
▪Protection of eaves with noncombustible or ignition-resistant materials that will provide a 1-hour fire-resistance rated construction.
▪Exterior wall assemblies to be constructed with one of the following methods.
▪1-hour fire-resistance rating.
▪Approved noncombustible materials.
▪Heavy timber or log wall construction.
▪Noncombustible materials complying with Section 402.2 on the exterior.
▪Ignition-resistant materials complying with Section 402.4 on the exterior.
▪Flashing requirements a minimum of 6 inches.
Structure Hardening (cont.)
▪Underfloor enclosures
▪Decking.
▪Approved noncombustible materials.
▪Class A rated material.
▪Fire-resistant-treated wood.
▪Ignition-resistant building materials in accordance with Section 402.4.
▪Appendages and projections complying with Section 404.3.
▪Exterior glazing and exterior doors need a fire protection rating of 20 minutes.
▪Vehicle access door perimeter gap to resist intrusion from embers.
▪Detached accessory structures less than 50 feet from a habitable or occupiable space.
Site and Area Requirements
▪Structure Ignition Zone 1 (0-5 feet): Immediate Zone.
▪Designed to reduce or eliminate ember ignition and direct flame contact with the structure, decks, stairs, and attachments.
▪Noncombustible hard-surface materials in this zone.
▪Remove all plantings including shrubs, slash, combustible mulch, and other woody debris.
▪No planting of new trees in the immediate zone. Maintain 10-foot spacing from crown to structure and between mature trees.
▪Prune trees up to a height of 6-10 feet from the ground or a third of the total height of the tree, whichever is less.
▪Mature trees of no less than 10-inch diameter at 4.5 feet above ground level may be maintained.
▪Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be pruned to maintain a minimum clearance of 10 feet.
▪Site Signage.
▪Requires the marking of roads, fire protection equipment, and addresses.
▪Retaining walls and fencing shall be noncombustible material within 8 feet of the structure.
Site and Area Requirements
▪Structure Ignition Zone 2 (5-30 feet) Intermediate Zone.
▪Objective. This zone is designed to give an approaching fire less
fuel, which will help reduce its intensity as it gets nearer to
structures.
▪Dead plant materials must be removed.
▪Avoid large accumulations of surface fuels such as logs, branches,
slash, etc.
▪Tree crowns shall be pruned to maintain a minimum clearance of 10
feet.
▪Structure Ignition Zone 3 (30-100 feet) Expanded Zone.
▪Tree crowns with this zone shall be spaced at a minimum of 6-10 feet.
Appendix A: Permits
▪Planning and Temporary Provisions.
▪Permits will be required and limited to 180 days, with extensions
possible.
▪Construction must conform to code for safety.
▪Temporary service utilities are allowed with permission.
▪The code official has the authority to terminate temporary
permits.
Appendix B: Construction Documents
▪Submission requirements consistent with existing building
permit applications for format and details.
▪Site plan requirements will need to include topography,
landscaping, fire intensity rating, etc.
▪There may be requirements for defensible space plans.
▪AHJ shall retain approved plans.
▪Adherence to approved documents. Amendments are required
for changes.
▪Phased approval for foundations allowed at the applicant’s risk.
Appendix C: Inspection and Enforcement
▪Inspection.
▪Required for permitted work and must remain accessible.
▪The code official has the authority to inspect.
▪Notification requirements must be met for inspections.
▪Approval is required before proceeding beyond inspected points.
▪Reinspection fees may apply.
▪Testing requirements for installations.
▪Enforcement.
▪The code official has the authority to issue corrective orders and notices, using proper methods for serving those orders or notices.
▪Compliance with orders and notices is mandatory.
▪Consequences of non-compliance are tagging, penalties, or unsafe conditions.
▪The code official has the authority to issue a stop work order.
Conclusion and Next Steps
▪Estes Valley Fire Protection District plans to adopt this code at it’s
February 23, 2026, meeting.
▪Town of Estes Park will need to ratify by resolution prior to the
deadline of April 1, 2026.
▪Recommendation for this code to go into effect on July 1, 2026.
▪Produce and agree upon a cooperative agreement for implementation
and enforcement of this code, to be executed prior to July 1, 2026.
2025
Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code
01 June 2025
CWRC Version 1.0
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1
Attributions
ATTRIBUTIONS
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This material contains significant portions from the 2024 International
Wildland Interface Code (“2024 IWUIC”), which is a registered copyrighted work owned by the
International Code Council, Inc. (the “ICC”). The 2024 IWUIC, and any and all portions thereof, have
been obtained and reproduced herein with permission. The “International Code Council”, “International
Wildland Interface Code”, the acronyms “ICC” and “IWUIC”, and the ICC logogram are registered
trademarks and service marks of ICC. Use of these marks or the 2024 IWUIC without advance written
permission from the ICC is prohibited.
2
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Scope and Administration.....................................................................................5
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS.....................................................................................5
SECTION 101 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS..............................................5
SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY......................................................................................7
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT.......................................................9
SECTION 103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY.............................................................9
SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL...............................9
SECTION 105—TEMPORARY USES, EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS...........................13
SECTION 106—FEES.....................................................................................................14
SECTION 107—STOP WORK ORDER..........................................................................14
Chapter 2 - Definitions.............................................................................................................15
SECTION 201 GENERAL................................................................................................15
SECTION 202 DEFINITIONS..........................................................................................15
Chapter 3 - Wildfire Hazard Identification..............................................................................19
SECTION 301 GENERAL................................................................................................19
SECTION 302 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA DESIGNATIONS.....................19
SECTION 303 MAPPING AND APPLICABILITY.............................................................19
SECTION 304 GROUND-TRUTHING.............................................................................21
Chapter 4- Structure Hardening...............................................................................................23
SECTION 401 GENERAL................................................................................................23
SECTION 402 BUILDING MATERIAL..........................................................................23
SECTION 403 CLASS 1 STRUCTURE HARDENING..................................................25
SECTION 404 CLASS 2 STRUCTURE HARDENING..................................................26
Chapter 5- Site and Area Requirements...................................................................................29
SECTION 501 GENERAL................................................................................................29
SECTION 502 CLASS 1 REQUIREMENTS...................................................................29
SECTION 503 CLASS 2 REQUIREMENTS...................................................................30
Appendix A: PERMITS..........................................................................................................33
Appendix B: CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS.....................................................................36
Appendix C: INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT...............................................................38
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4
Chapter 1 - Scope and Administration
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 101 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code as
adopted by [NAME OF JURISDICTION], hereinafter referred to as “this code.”
101.2 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement,
repair, maintenance and use of any building, structure or premises that contain occupiable and/or
habitable space, or change in use resulting in an occupiable and/or habitable space, unless
excepted, within the wildland-urban interface areas of Colorado, as designated in this code.
Buildings or conditions in existence at the time of the adoption of this code are allowed to have
their use or occupancy continued, if such condition, use or occupancy was legal at the time of the
adoption of this code, provided that such continued use does not constitute a distinct danger to
life or property.
Buildings or structures moved into or within the jurisdiction shall comply with the provisions of
this code for new buildings or structures.
101.2.1 Appendices. Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unless specifically
adopted.
101.2.2 Factory-Built Structures (nonresidential, residential, and tiny homes).
Structure hardening provisions of this code for factory-built structures as defined by
sections 24-32-3302(9), (10), (11), and (35), C.R.S., are in accordance with Rules
adopted by the Division of Housing in 8 CCR 1302-1, Rule 2 Codes and Standards.
101.2.3 HUD Code Homes. Homes built to the HUD Manufactured Home Construction
and Safety Standards are exempt from structure hardening requirements on their first
installation. Homes built to the HUD Manufactured Home Construction and Safety
Standards which are moved into an applicable Wildfire Resiliency code area are subject
to the provisions of this code as required by the authority having jurisdiction.
101.3 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish minimum regulations for the
safeguarding of life and for property protection. Regulations in this code are intended to mitigate
the risk to life and structures from intrusion of fire from wildland fire exposures and fire
exposures from adjacent structures and to mitigate structure fires from spreading to wildland
fuels. The extent of this regulation is intended to be tiered commensurate with the relative level
of hazard present.
The unrestricted use of property in wildland-urban interface areas is a potential threat to life and
property from fire and resulting erosion. Safeguards to prevent the occurrence of fires and to
5
provide adequate fire protection facilities to control the spread of fire in wildland-urban interface
areas shall be in accordance with this code.
This code shall supplement the jurisdiction’s building and fire codes, if such codes have been
adopted, to provide for special regulations to mitigate the fire- and life-safety hazards of the
wildland-urban interface areas.
101.4 Retroactivity. The provisions of the code shall apply to conditions arising after the
adoption thereof, conditions not legally in existence at the adoption of this code and conditions
that, in the opinion of the code official, constitute a distinct hazard to life or property.
Exception: Provisions of this code that specifically apply to existing conditions are
retroactive.
101.5 Additions or alterations. Additions or alterations shall be permitted to be made to any
building or structure without requiring the existing building or structure to comply with all of the
requirements of this code, provided that, when the work increases the footprint of the existing
structure by 500 square feet or greater, the addition or alteration conforms to that required for a
new building or structure.
Exception: Provisions of this code that specifically apply to existing conditions are
retroactive.
Additions or alterations shall not be made to an existing building or structure that will cause the
existing building or structure to be in violation of any of the provisions of this code nor shall
such additions or alterations cause the existing building or structure to become unsafe. An unsafe
condition shall be deemed to have been created if an addition or alteration will cause the existing
building or structure to become structurally unsafe or overloaded; will not provide adequate
access in compliance with the provisions of this code or will obstruct existing exits or access;
will create a fire hazard; will reduce required fire resistance or will otherwise create conditions
dangerous to human life.
101.6 Roof coverings. The roof covering on buildings or structures in existence prior to adoption
of this code that are replaced or have 25 percent or more of the surface area of the roof replaced,
or where work to reconstruct, alter, or repair the roof covering effectively replaces such material,
shall require the entirety of the roof covering to be replaced with a roof covering required for
new construction specified in Sections 403.2 through 403.2.2.
Exception: Existing roof coverings that are compliant with Section 403.2.
101.7 Exterior walls. The exterior walls of building or structures in existence prior to adoption
of this code where 25 percent or more of the total exterior wall surface area is replaced, or where
work to reconstruct, alter or repair the exterior walls effectively replaces the exterior wall
material, shall require the entirety of the exterior wall surface area, including attachments, to be
replaced with materials required for new construction specified in Section 404.3 through 404.3.2
6
and the immediate zone within 5 feet of the structure shall be made to comply with Section
503.1.
Exception: Existing exterior walls that are compliant with Section 404.3.
101.8 Maintenance. Buildings, structures, landscape materials, vegetation, defensible space or
other devices or safeguards required by this code shall be maintained in conformance to the code
edition under which installed. The owner or the owner ’s authorized agent shall be responsible for
the maintenance of buildings, structures, landscape materials and vegetation.
SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY
102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific
requirement, the specific requirement shall govern. Where, in any specific case, different
sections of this code, or any other adopted code, specify different materials, methods of
construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of
local, state or federal law.
102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not
specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision
of this code.
102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code are
listed throughout this code. Such codes and standards shall be considered as part of the
requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated
in Sections 102.4.1 and 102.4.2.
102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and the
referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall govern.
102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the
reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope
of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the
provisions in the referenced standard.
102.5 Subjects not regulated by this code. Where applicable standards or requirements are not
set forth in this code, or are contained within other laws, codes, regulations, ordinances or
policies adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, compliance with applicable standards of
other nationally recognized safety standards, as approved, shall be deemed as prima facie
evidence of compliance with the intent of this code. Nothing herein shall derogate from the
authority of the code official to determine compliance with codes or standards for those activities
or installations within the code official’s jurisdiction or responsibility.
102.6 Matters not provided for. Requirements that are essential for the public safety of an
existing or proposed activity, building or structure, or for the safety of the occupants thereof,
7
which are not specifically provided for by this code, shall be determined by the code official
consistent with the necessity to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public
health, safety and general welfare.
102.7 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal
or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or
provisions.
102.8 Existing conditions. The legal occupancy or use of any structure or condition existing on
the date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, except as is
specifically covered in this code, the International Fire Code or the International Property
Maintenance Code, or as is deemed necessary by the code official for the general safety and
welfare of the occupants and the public.
102.9 Historic structures. A variance is authorized to be issued for the repair or rehabilitation
of a historic structure or construction of a contributing structure upon a determination that the
proposed repair or rehabilitation will not preclude the structure’s continued designation as a
historic structure, and the variance is the minimum necessary to preserve the historic character
and design of the structure, within the spirit of this code.
Exception: Within wildfire hazard areas, historic structures that do not meet one or
more of the following designations:
1. Listed or preliminarily determined to be eligible for listing in the National
Register of Historic Places.
2. Determined as contributing to the historical significance of a registered historic
district or a district preliminarily determined to qualify as an historic district.
3. Designated as historic under a state or local historic preservation program.
102.9.1 Historic preservation exemption. The authority having jurisdiction may
establish a historic preservation exemption or exemptions in their jurisdiction that
consists of the spirit and intent of this code.
102.10 Work exempt from permit under this code. Exemptions from code requirements shall
not be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done in any manner in violation of the
provisions of this code or any other laws or ordinances of the jurisdiction. Compliance with this
code shall not be required for the following:
1. Interior alterations of existing structures.
2. Additions that do not increase the footprint of a structure by more than 500 square feet.
3. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior walls of an existing
building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of all exterior walls is affected.
4. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior roof covering of an
existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of the exterior roof
covering or an attachment thereto is affected.
8
5. Alterations or repairs to the exterior of an existing structure, or an attachment to it, when
less than twenty-five percent of the exterior of the structure is affected by the alteration or
repair.
6. Painting, staining and similar maintenance or restorative work.
7. One-story detached accessory, nonhabitable structures, such as tool and storage sheds,
playhouses and similar uses, provided that the floor area does not exceed 120 square feet
and the structure is located greater than or equal to 10 feet from the nearest adjacent
occupiable structure.
8. Accessory structures and buildings of an accessory character classified as Utility and
Miscellaneous Group U (including Agricultural Structures) located more than 50 feet
from a structure containing occupiable or habitable space.
9. Fences located more than 8 feet from a habitable structure.
10. Any thirty-five acre parcel with only one residential structure on it that does not abut a
residential or commercial area.
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
SECTION 103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY
103.1 Creation of agency. The [INSERT NAME OF DEPARTMENT] is hereby created and the
official in charge thereof shall be known as the code official. The function of the agency shall be
the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
103.2 Appointment. The code official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the
jurisdiction.
103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the
concurrence of the appointing authority, the code official shall have the authority to appoint a
deputy code official, other related technical officers, inspectors and other employees. Such
employees shall have powers as delegated by the code official.
SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL
104.1 Powers and duties of the code official. The code official is hereby authorized to enforce
the provisions of this code.
104.2 Determination of compliance. The code official shall have the authority to determine
compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and
procedures in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies and
procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
9
104.2.1 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the code official
is authorized to require the owner, the owner ’s authorized agent or the person in
possession or control of the building or premises to provide a technical opinion and
report.
104.2.1.1 Costs. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to
the jurisdiction.
104.2.1.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be
prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty
organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is authorized to require
design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design
professional.
104.2.1.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of
the design, operation or use of the building or premises, the facilities and
appurtenances situated thereon and fuel management to identify and propose
necessary recommendations.
104.2.1.4 Tests. Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the
provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to require tests as
evidence of compliance. Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other
recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized test standards, the code
official shall approve the testing procedures. Such tests shall be performed by a party
acceptable to the code official.
104.2.2 Alternative materials, design and methods. The provisions of this code are not
intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of
construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative
has been approved.
104.2.2.1 Approval authority. An alternative material, design or method shall be
approved where the code official finds that the proposed alternative is satisfactory and
complies with Sections 104.2.2.2 through 104.2.2.7, as applicable.
104.2.2.2 Application and disposition. Where required, a request to use an
alternative material, design or method of construction shall be submitted in writing to
the code official for approval. Where the alternative material, design or method of
construction is not approved, the code official shall respond in writing, stating the
reasons the alternative was not approved.
104.2.2.3 Compliance with code intent. An alternative material, design or method of
construction shall comply with the intent of the provisions of this code.
10
104.2.2.4 Equivalency criteria. An alternative material, design or method of
construction shall, for the purpose intended, be not less than the equivalent of that
prescribed in this code with respect to all of the following, as applicable:
1. Quality.
2. Strength.
3. Effectiveness.
4. Durability.
5. Safety, other than fire safety.
6. Fire safety.
104.2.2.5 Tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalency in support of an
alternative material, design or method of construction application shall be of a scale
that is sufficient to predict performance of the end use configuration. Tests shall be
performed by a party acceptable to the code official.
104.2.2.5.1 Fire tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalent fire safety in
support of an alternative material, design or method of construction application
shall be of a scale that is sufficient to predict fire safety performance of the end
use configuration. Tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the code
official.
104.2.2.6 Reports. Supporting data, where necessary to assist in the approval of
materials or assemblies not specifically provided for in this code, shall comply with
Sections 104.2.2.6.1 and 104.2.2.6.2.
104.2.2.6.1 Evaluation reports. Evaluation reports shall be issued by an
approved agency and use of the evaluation report shall require approval by the
code official for the installation. The alternate material, design or method of
construction and product evaluated shall be within the scope of the code official’s
recognition of the approved agency. Criteria used for the evaluation shall be
identified within the report and, where required, provided to the code official.
104.2.2.6.2 Other reports. Reports not complying with Section 104.2.2.6.1 shall
describe criteria, including but not limited to any referenced testing or analysis,
used to determine compliance with code intent and justify code equivalence. The
report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire
safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is
authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a
registered design professional.
104.2.2.7 Peer review. The code official is authorized to require submittal of a peer
review report in conjunction with a request to use an alternative material, design or
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method of construction, prepared by a peer reviewer that is approved by the code
official.
104.2.3 Modifications. Where there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the
provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to grant modifications
for individual cases, provided that the code official shall first find that one or more
special individual reasons make the strict letter of this code impractical, that the
modification is in conformance with the intent and purpose of this code, and that such
modification does not lessen health, life and fire safety requirements. The details of the
written request and action granting modifications shall be recorded and entered into the
files of the code enforcement agency.
104.3 Applications and permits. The code official is authorized to receive applications, review
construction documents and issue permits for construction regulated by this code, issue permits
for operations regulated by this code, inspect the premises for which such permits have been
issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.
104.4 Access to Property. For the purpose of inspecting and enforcing the provisions of this
code and the terms and conditions of any permit issued under this code, the code official is
authorized to enter upon private property at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice for the
purpose of determining compliance with this code and to evaluate conditions relative to the
permit application.
104.4.1 Authorization. The owner or occupant of the property having a permit under this
code shall allow the code official access to the property to perform the required
inspections. If access is denied, the code official shall apply to the Court with jurisdiction
to seek authority to access the property.
104.5 Identification. The code official shall carry proper identification when inspecting
structures or premises in the performance of duties under this code.
104.6 Notices and orders. The code official shall issue all necessary notices or orders to ensure
compliance with this code.
104.7 Official records. The code official shall keep official records as required by Sections
104.7.1 through 104.7.5. Such official records shall be retained for not less than 5 years or for as
long as the structure or activity to which such records relate remains in existence, unless
otherwise provided by other regulations.
104.7.1 Approvals. A record of approvals shall be maintained by the code official and
shall be available for public inspection during business hours in accordance with
applicable laws.
104.7.2 Inspections. The code official shall keep a record of each inspection made,
including notices and orders issued, showing the findings and disposition of each.
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104.7.3 Code alternatives and modifications. Application for alternative materials,
design and methods of construction and equipment in accordance with Section 104.2.2;
modifications in accordance with Section 104.2.3; and documentation of the final
decision of the code official for either shall be in writing and shall be retained in the
official records.
104.7.4 Tests. The code official shall keep a record of tests conducted to comply with
Sections 104.2.1.4 and 104.2.2.5.
104.7.5 Fees. The code official shall keep a record of fees collected and refunded in
accordance with Section 106.
104.8 Liability. The code official, member of the board of appeals or employee charged with the
enforcement of this code, while acting for the jurisdiction, in good faith and without malice in
the discharge of the duties required by this code or other pertinent law or ordinance, shall not
thereby be rendered personally liable, either civilly or criminally, and is hereby relieved from all
personal liability for any damage accruing to persons or property as a result of an act or by
reason of any act or omission in the discharge of official duties.
104.8.1 Legal defense. Any suit or criminal complaint instituted against any officer or
employee because of an act performed by that officer or employee in the lawful discharge
of duties and under the provisions of this code or other laws or ordinances implemented
through the enforcement of this code shall be defended by legal representatives of the
jurisdiction until final termination of the proceedings. The code official or any
subordinate shall not be liable for costs in an action, suit or proceeding that is instituted in
pursuance of the provisions of this code.
104.9 Approved materials and equipment. Materials, equipment and devices approved by the
code official shall be constructed and installed in accordance with such approval.
104.9.1 Materials and equipment reuse. Materials, equipment and devices shall not be
reused unless such elements are in good working order and approved.
104.10 Other agencies. When requested to do so by the code official, other officials of this
jurisdiction shall assist and cooperate with the code official in the discharge of the duties required
by this code.
SECTION 105—TEMPORARY USES, EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
105.1 General. The code official is authorized to issue a permit for temporary uses, equipment
and systems. Such permits shall be limited as to time of service, but shall not be permitted for
more than 180 days. The code official is authorized to grant extensions for demonstrated cause.
105.2 Conformance. Temporary uses, equipment and systems shall conform to the requirements
of this code as necessary to ensure health, safety and general welfare.
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105.3 Temporary service utilities. The code official is authorized to give permission to
temporarily supply service utilities.
105.4 Termination of approval. The code official is authorized to terminate such permit for
temporary uses, equipment and systems and to order the same to be discontinued.
SECTION 106—FEES
106.1 General. An AHJ has the authority to establish fees.
SECTION 107—STOP WORK ORDER
107.1 Authority. Where the code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed
in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the code
official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
107.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the
property, the owner ’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a
stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the
reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
107.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a
written notice prior to stopping the work.
107.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served
with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a
violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having
jurisdiction.
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Chapter 2 - Definitions
SECTION 201 GENERAL
201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this code, have the meanings shown in this chapter.
201.2 Interchangeability. Words stated in the present tense include the future; words stated in
the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; and the singular number includes the
plural and the plural the singular.
201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not defined in this code and are defined in
other International Codes, such terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them as in those codes.
201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined through the methods authorized by this
section, such terms shall have their ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context implies.
SECTION 202 DEFINITIONS
ACCESSORY STRUCTURE. A building or structure used to shelter or support any material,
equipment, chattel or occupancy other than a habitable building.
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. A structure designed and constructed to house farm
implements, hay, grain, poultry, livestock or other horticultural products. This structure shall not
be a place of human habitation or a place of employment where agricultural products are
processed, treated or packaged, nor shall it be a place used by the public.
APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official.
BUILDING. Any structure intended for supporting or sheltering any occupancy.
CLASS A TESTS. Class A Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are expected to be
effective against severe fire exposure, afford a high degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do
not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.
CODE OFFICIAL. The official designated by the jurisdiction to interpret and enforce this code,
or the code official’s authorized representative.
DEFENSIBLE SPACE. An area either natural or man-made, where material capable of
allowing a fire to spread unchecked has been treated, cleared or modified to slow the rate and
intensity of an advancing wildfire and to create an area for fire suppression operations to occur.
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EMBELLISHMENTS. Elements incorporated in design and construction for ornamental or
decorative purpose that are not integral to the structure or structural support.
FIRE INTENSITY CLASSIFICATION. The level of fire intensity identified for areas where
significant fuel hazards and associated dangerous fire behavior may exist, based upon vegetative
fuels, topography, weather conditions, and flame length value.
FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION. The use of materials and systems in the
design and construction of a building or structure to safeguard against the spread of fire within a
building or structure and the spread of fire to or from buildings or structures to the
wildland-urban interface area.
FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED WOOD. Fire-retardant-treated wood is any wood product
that, when impregnated with chemicals by a pressure process or other means during
manufacture, shall have, when tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723, a listed flame
spread index of 25 or less. The ASTM E84 or UL723 test shall be continued for an additional
20-minute period and the flame front shall not progress more than 10.5 feet beyond the centerline
of the burners at any time during the test.
FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number,
derived from visual measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a material tested in
accordance with ASTM E84.
FUEL MODIFICATION. A method of modifying fuel load by reducing the amount of
nonfire-resistive vegetation or altering the type of vegetation to reduce the fuel load.
HABITABLE SPACE. A space in a building for living, sleeping, eating or cooking.
HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION. As described in Section 602.4 of the 2024
International Building Code.
HOME IGNITION ZONE. Home Ignition Zone is the home and the area around the home (or
structure). The HIZ takes into account both the potential of the structure to ignite and the quality
of defensible space surrounding it.
IGNITION-RESISTANT BUILDING MATERIAL. A type of building material that resists
ignition or sustained flaming combustion sufficiently so as to reduce losses from wildfire
exposure of burning embers and small flames.
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IGNITION-RESISTANT VEGETATION. Plants that are less likely to readily ignite from a
flame or other ignition source and produce fewer embers. While they can still be damaged by
fire, their foliage and stems don't significantly contribute to the intensity of the fire.
LOG WALL CONSTRUCTION. A type of construction in which exterior walls are
constructed of solid wood members and where the smallest horizontal dimension of each solid
wood member is not less than 6 inches. Log wall construction shall follow requirements of ICC
400.
MULTILAYERED GLAZED PANELS. Window or door assemblies that consist of two or
more independently glazed panels installed parallel to each other, having a sealed air gap in
between, within a frame designed to fill completely the window or door opening in which the
assembly is intended to be installed.
NONCOMBUSTIBLE. As applied to building construction material means a material that, in
the form in which it is used, is either one of the following:
1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when subjected to fire.
2. Any material conforming to ASTM E136 shall be considered noncombustible within
the meaning of this section.
3. For the purposes of this code, fire-rated gypsum board tested in accordance with ASTM
C1396 with no less than a 1-hour fire-resistance-rating with fire exposure from the outside
only is considered a noncombustible material.
OCCUPIABLE SPACE. A room or enclosed space designed for human occupancy in which
individuals congregate for amusement, education or similar purposes or in which occupants are
engaged at labor.
ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide weather protection and resistance to design
loads. The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component serving as
both the roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly can include an underlayment, thermal
barrier, ignition barrier, insulation or a vapor retarder.
ROOF COVERING. The covering applied to the roof deck for weather resistance, fire
classification or appearance.
ROOF DECK. The flat or sloped surface not including its supporting members or vertical
supports.
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SLOPE. The variation of terrain from the horizontal; the number of feet rise or fall per 100 feet
measured horizontally, expressed as a percentage.
STRUCTURE. That which is built or constructed.
STRUCTURE IGNITION ZONE. Structure Ignition Zone is the structure and the area around
the structure (or home). The SIZ takes into account both the potential of the structure to ignite
and the quality of defensible space surrounding it.
TREE CROWN. The primary and secondary branches growing out from the main stem,
together with twigs and foliage.
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE. That geographical area where structures and other
human development meets or intermingles with wildland or vegetative fuels.
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Chapter 3 - Wildfire Hazard Identification
SECTION 301 GENERAL
301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter provide methodology to establish and record wildfire
hazard based on the findings of fact to be regulated by this code.
301.2 Objective. The objective of this chapter is to provide simple baseline criteria for
determining wildland-urban interface areas based on the wildfire hazard.
SECTION 302 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA DESIGNATIONS
302.1 Declaration. The AHJ shall declare the wildland-urban interface areas within the
jurisdiction as defined by this code. The wildland-urban interface areas shall be based on the
findings of fact.
SECTION 303 MAPPING AND APPLICABILITY
303.1 Mapping of Wildfire Hazard Areas. Wildfire Hazard shall be recorded on official maps.
These maps identify areas subject to the provisions of this code and shall be available for public
inspection through an accessible online platform and at designated local government offices.
303.1.1 Map. This map shall be based on a combination of factors including, but not
limited to, vegetative fuels, topography, local weather patterns, and fire behavior
modeling data.
303.1.2 Locally Developed Mapping. The AHJ may develop and adopt local maps
designating wildfire hazard and fire intensity classifications within its jurisdictional
boundaries in accordance with Sections 303.1 through 303.3.
303.2 Fire Intensity Classification. Fire Intensity Classification shall be identified on the map
in accordance with Section 303.1. Fire Intensity Classification is determined by expected
wildfire behavior, including flame length and suppression difficulty and is separated into three
levels: low, moderate, and high. The identified fire intensity classification establishes code
requirements for construction and mitigation.
303.2.1 Low Fire Intensity Classification. Low Fire Intensity Classification is identified
in areas with light to medium surface fuels, such as grasses, shrubs, and scattered
low-density vegetation. These fuels are often discontinuous, which limits flame
propagation but can sustain burning under moderate weather conditions. Fires in this
class may occur on gentle to moderate slopes, where topography begins to influence the
rate of spread. Although flame lengths remain relatively small—typically less than two
feet—limited spotting may occur, especially with wind. Trained firefighters with
protective equipment and standard hand tools can usually suppress these fires through
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direct attack, particularly on slopes under 30 percent. Mechanized equipment is typically
unnecessary.
Key Characteristics Include:
1. Fuels: Light to medium surface fuels, including grasses, shrubs, and scattered
vegetation (e.g., WNL, USL fuel types).
2. Flame Length: Less than 2 feet.
3. Rate of Spread: Low, increasing with slopes over 20 percent.
4. Spotting: Very short-range spotting is possible under windy conditions.
5. Terrain Influence: More active fire behavior on moderate slopes (20 to 30
percent).
6. Suppression Difficulty: Easily suppressed by trained firefighters using basic
protective gear and hand tools. Direct attack is effective, and mechanized support
is rarely needed.
303.2.2 Moderate Fire Intensity Classification. Moderate Fire Intensity Classification
is identified in areas with moderate to heavy fuel loads, such as dense shrubs, small trees,
and accumulated ground fuels. Fires in this class present continuous horizontal and
vertical fuel arrangements, allowing flames to reach up to 8 feet in length. Fire behavior
is notably influenced by moderate to steep slopes, often accelerating the spread.
Short-range spotting becomes more common, complicating suppression efforts. Ground
crews typically require mechanized support, such as engines and dozers, to establish
control lines. Aircraft assistance may be necessary, particularly in inaccessible terrain.
There is a significant increase in the potential for property damage and risk to life,
especially in wildland-urban interface areas.
Key Characteristics Include:
1. Fuels: Moderate to heavy fuels, including dense shrublands, small trees, timber
litter, and canopy fuels (e.g., USH, UIH fuel types).
2. Flame Length: Up to 8 feet.
3. Rate of Spread: Moderate to high, increasing significantly on slopes over 30
percent.
4. Spotting: Short-range spotting is common.
5. Terrain Influence: Steep slopes (30 percent or greater) increase fire spread and
intensity.
6. Suppression Difficulty: Challenging for ground crews without support from
engines, dozers, or aircraft. Dozers and plows are generally effective on moderate
terrain.
303.2.3 High Fire Intensity Classification. High Fire Intensity Classification is
identified in areas with heavy, continuous fuel loads, such as dense forest canopies, thick
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understory growth, and heavy dead/downed material. Fires in this class frequently occur
on steep slopes, often exceeding 40 percent, where topography dramatically increases the
rate of spread and severity. Flame lengths can exceed 30 feet, and both short- and
medium-range spotting are common, particularly in windy conditions. Direct suppression
by ground crews is typically ineffective, requiring indirect attack strategies, such as
backburns and aerial retardant drops. Fires in this class pose extreme risk to life, property,
and firefighter safety, especially in rugged or remote areas.
Key Characteristics Include:
1. Fuels: Heavy fuels, including dense forests, urban core areas with heavy fuel
loads, and canopy-dominated regions (e.g., WNH, USH, UCH fuel types).
2. Flame Length: Up to 30 feet or more.
3. Rate of Spread: Rapid, especially on slopes greater than 40 percent.
4. Spotting: Short-range spotting is common; medium-range spotting is possible
under windy conditions.
5. Terrain Influence: Slopes over 40 percent amplify intensity and spread, creating
dangerous conditions for suppression.
6. Suppression Difficulty: Direct attack by ground forces and dozers is generally
ineffective. Indirect strategies (backburning, aerial support) are often necessary.
These fires present significant danger to life, property, and responder safety.
303.3 Applicability of Code Provisions. The requirements of this code shall apply to all parcels
located within designated Wildfire Hazard Areas and corresponding fire intensity classifications
as identified on the official maps. The level of structure hardening, defensible space, and other
mitigation measures required shall correspond to the applicable fire intensity
classification—Low, Moderate, or High—as established by the board.
Structures and parcels identified with low fire intensity classification shall be constructed and
maintained in accordance with the provisions for Class 1 structure hardening and site and area
requirements.
Structures and parcels identified with moderate to high fire intensity classifications shall be
constructed and maintained in accordance with the provisions for Class 2 structure hardening and
site and area requirements.
SECTION 304 GROUND-TRUTHING
304.1 Purpose. This section establishes a process for owners or the owners authorized
representative to request a ground-truthing review of their property’s Wildfire Hazard or fire
intensity classification as identified on state or locally adopted maps. The intent is to provide an
opportunity to verify that mapping accurately reflects current, site-specific conditions.
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304.2 Determination of Fire Intensity Classification and Code Requirements. As determined
by the code official, the fire intensity classification and associated requirements shall be based on
a review of the vegetative fuels on the parcel and within 300’ of the parcel boundary, topography,
local weather patterns, and fire behavior modeling data and in accordance with the following fire
intensity classifications:
304.2.1 Low Fire Intensity Classification in accordance with Section 303.2.1
304.2.2 Moderate Fire Intensity Classification in accordance with Section 303.2.2
304.2.3 High Fire Intensity Classification in accordance with Section 303.2.3
This determination shall be made based on existing conditions or conditions that have been
established by a development plan approved by the local jurisdiction. Technical documentation
shall be submitted in support of such request by a qualified wildfire professional and in
accordance with Section 104.2.
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Chapter 4- Structure Hardening
SECTION 401 GENERAL
401.1 Scope. Exterior design and construction of new buildings and structures within the
wildland-urban interface areas of Colorado shall be constructed in accordance with this chapter.
Exceptions:
1. Buildings of an accessory character classified as Group U occupancy (including
agricultural buildings) of any size located at least 50 feet from a structure containing
occupiable or habitable space.
2. One-story detached accessory, nonhabitable structures, such as tool and storage sheds,
playhouses and similar uses, provided that the floor area does not exceed 120 square
feet and the structure is located greater than or equal to 10 feet from the nearest
adjacent occupiable structure.
3. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior walls of an
existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of all exterior walls is
affected.
4. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior roof covering of
an existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of the exterior roof
covering or an attachment thereto is affected.
5. Alterations or repairs to the exterior of an existing structure, or an attachment to it,
when less than twenty-five percent of the exterior of the structure is affected by the
alteration or repair.
6. Additions that do not increase the footprint of a structure by more than 500 square
feet.
SECTION 402 BUILDING MATERIAL
402.1 Building material. Building materials shall comply with any one of the requirements in
Section 402.2 through 402.4.
402.2 Noncombustible material. Noncombustible material shall comply with the definition of
noncombustible materials in Section 202.
402.3 Fire-retardant-treated wood. Fire-retardant-treated wood shall be identified for exterior
use and shall meet the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code.
402.4 Ignition-resistant building material. Material shall be tested on the front and back faces
in accordance with the extended ASTM E84 or UL 723 test, for a total test period of 30 minutes,
or with the ASTM E2768 test. The materials shall bear identification showing the fire test
results. Panel products shall be tested with a ripped or cut longitudinal gap of 1/8 inch. The
materials, when tested in accordance with the test procedures set forth in ASTM E84 or UL 723
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for a test period of 30 minutes, or with ASTM E2768, shall comply with Sections 402.4.1
through 402.4.3.3. Materials or products which melt, drip or delaminate to the extent that the
flame front is interrupted are not permitted.
Exception: Materials composed of a combustible core and a noncombustible exterior
covering made from either aluminum at a minimum 0.019 inch thickness or
corrosion-resistant steel at a minimum 0.0149 inch thickness shall not be required to be
tested with a ripped or cut longitudinal gap.
402.4.1 Flame spread. The material shall exhibit a flame spread index not exceeding 25.
402.4.2 Flame front. The material shall exhibit a flame front that does not progress more
than 10 feet 6 inches beyond the centerline of the burner at any time during the test.
402.4.3 Weathering. Ignition-resistant building materials shall maintain their
performance in accordance with this section under conditions of use. The materials shall
meet the performance requirements for weathering (including exposure to temperature,
moisture and ultraviolet radiation) contained in Sections 402.4.3.1 through 402.4.3.3, as
applicable to the materials and conditions of use.
402.4.3.1 Evaluation requirements for weathering. Fire-retardant-treated wood,
wood-plastic composite materials and plastic lumber materials shall be evaluated
after weathering in accordance with Method A “Test Method for Accelerated
Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing” in ASTM D2898.
402.4.3.2 Wood-plastic composite materials. Wood-plastic composite materials
shall also demonstrate acceptable fire performance after weathering by the
following procedure: first testing in accordance with ASTM E1354 at an incident
heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation, then weathering in
accordance with ASTM D7032 and then retesting in accordance with ASTM
E1354 and exhibiting an increase of no more than 10 percent in peak rate of heat
release when compared to the peak heat release rate of the nonweathered material.
402.4.3.3 Plastic lumber materials. Plastic lumber materials shall also
demonstrate acceptable fire performance after weathering by the following
procedure: first testing in accordance with ASTM E1354 at an incident heat flux
of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation, then weathering in accordance with
ASTM D6662 and then retesting in accordance with ASTM E1354 and exhibiting
an increase of no more than 10 percent in peak rate of heat release when
compared to the peak heat release rate of the nonweathered material.
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SECTION 403 CLASS 1 STRUCTURE HARDENING
403.1 General. Class 1 structure hardening shall be in accordance with Sections 403.2 through
403.4.2 and shall apply to buildings and structures hereafter constructed, modified or relocated
into or within areas of the wildland-urban interface having a low fire hazard severity.
403.2 Roofing. Roofs shall have a roof covering or roof assembly classified as Class A when
tested in accordance with ASTM E108 or UL 790.
403.2.1 Flame and ember protection of roofs. For roof assemblies where the roof
covering profile creates a space between the roof covering and roof deck, the space shall
resist the entry of flames and embers by one or more of the following methods:
1. Firestopping with noncombustible material of the space between the roof covering
and the roof deck.
2. Installation of one layer of cap sheet complying with ASTM D3909 over the
combustible roof deck.
3. Installation of a listed Class A classified roof assembly.
403.2.2 Roof valley flashings. Valley flashings shall be not less than 0.019 inch (No. 26
galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resistant metal installed over a minimum 36- inch-wide
underlayment consisting of one layer of cap sheet complying with ASTM D3909 running
the full length of the valley.
403.3 Gutters and downspouts. Gutters and downspouts shall be constructed of noncombustible
material.
403.4 Ventilation Openings. Ventilation openings for enclosed attics, enclosed rafter spaces, and
underfloor spaces shall be in accordance with Section 403.4.1 or Section 403.4.2 as applicable.
403.4.1 Performance Requirements. Ventilation openings shall be fully covered with
listed vents, tested in accordance with ASTM E2886, to demonstrate compliance with all
the following requirements:
1. There shall be no flaming ignition of the cotton material during the Ember Intrusion
Test.
2. There shall be no flaming ignition during the Integrity Test portion of the Flame
Intrusion Test.
3. The maximum temperature of the unexposed side of the vent shall not exceed 662°F
(350°C).
403.4.2 Prescriptive Requirements. Ventilation openings for enclosed attics, enclosed
rafter spaces, and underfloor spaces shall be covered with noncombustible
404.3corrosion-resistant mesh with openings not to exceed ⅛-inch.
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SECTION 404 CLASS 2 STRUCTURE HARDENING
404.1 General. Class 2 structure hardening shall be in accordance with Sections 404.2 through
404.10.1 as well as the provisions of Class 1 structure hardening in Sections 403.2-403.4.2 and
shall apply to buildings and structures hereafter constructed, modified or relocated into or within
areas of the wildland-urban interface having a moderate or high fire hazard severity. See also
Sections 101.6-101.7.
404.2 Protection of eaves. Eaves and soffits shall be protected on the exposed underside by
noncombustible material, ignition-resistant materials, or by materials approved for not less than
1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction, ⅝-inch Type X drywall, 2-inch nominal dimension
lumber, or 1 inch nominal fire-retardant-treated wood or ¾ inch nominal fire-retardant-treated
plywood, identified for exterior use and meeting the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024
International Building Code. Fascias are required and shall be protected on the backside by
noncombustible material, ignition-resistant materials, or by materials approved for not less than
1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction, ⅝-inch Type X drywall, or 2- inch nominal dimension
lumber.
404.3 Exterior Walls. Exterior walls of buildings or structures shall be constructed with one of
the following methods:
1. Exterior wall assemblies with a minimum of 1-hour fire-resistance rating, rated for exposure
on the exterior side.
2. Approved noncombustible materials.
3. Heavy timber or log wall construction.
4. Noncombustible materials complying with Section 402.2 on the exterior side.
5. Fire-retardant treated wood complying with Section 402.3 on the exterior side. The
fire-retardant-treated wood shall be labeled for exterior use and meet the requirements of
Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code.
6. Ignition-resistant materials complying with Section 402.4 on the exterior side.
Such material shall extend from the top of the foundation to the underside of the eave or the
underside of the roof sheathing.
Exceptions:
1. Exterior wall embellishments and architectural trim (exclusive of trim on exterior
windows and doors) not to exceed 5 percent of the square footage of the exterior wall.
2. Roof or wall top cornice projections and similar assemblies.
3. Solid wood rafter tails and solid wood blocking installed between rafters having
minimum dimension 2 inch nominal.
404.3.1 Exterior Wall Coverings. Exterior wall coverings shall be limited to the
following:
1. Noncombustible materials.
2. Fire-retardant-treated wood.
3. Ignition-resistant building materials.
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Exception: Where options 1 or 2 in section 404.3 are used, vinyl siding may be used
as an exterior covering.
404.3.2 Flashing. A minimum of 6 inches of metal flashing or noncombustible material
applied vertically between the wall sheathing and the exterior cladding shall be installed
at the ground, decking, and roof intersections.
Combustible sheathing products exposed by the gap created at the base of the exterior
walls, posts, or columns must be protected with noncombustible material or
ignition-resistant building materials while still permitting drainage and moisture control
from behind exterior cladding.
404.4 Underfloor enclosure. Buildings or structures shall have underfloor areas enclosed to the
ground or comply with exterior walls in accordance with Section 404.3.
404.5 Decking. Unenclosed decks shall have the deck walking surface constructed of one of the
following:
1. Approved noncombustible materials
2. Class A rated material
Exception: Composite decking material with a minimum of Class B rating
3. Fire-retardant-treated wood identified for exterior use and meeting the requirements
of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code
4. Ignition-resistant building materials in accordance with Section 402.4.
404.6 Appendages and Projections. Appendages and projections shall be constructed in
accordance with Section 404.3.
404.7 Exterior Glazing. Exterior windows, window walls and glazed doors, windows within
exterior doors, and skylights shall be tempered glass, multilayered glazed panels, glass block or
have a fire protection rating of not less than 20 minutes.
404.8 Exterior Doors. Exterior doors shall be approved noncombustible construction, solid core
wood not less than 1 ¾-inches thick, or have a fire protection rating of not less than 20 minutes.
Windows within doors and glazed doors shall be in accordance with Section 404.7.
Exception: Vehicle access doors.
404.9 Vehicle Access Door Perimeter Gap. Exterior vehicle access doors shall resist the
intrusion of embers from entering by preventing gaps between doors and door openings, at the
head, sill, and jamb of doors from exceeding ⅛ inch as approved by the AHJ.
Gaps between doors and door openings shall be controlled by one of the following methods:
1. Weather-stripping products made of materials that: (a) have been tested for tensile
strength in accordance with ASTM D638 (Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of
Plastics) after exposure to ASTM G155 (Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc
Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials) for a period of 2,000 hours,
when the maximum allowable difference in tensile strength values between exposed and
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non-exposed samples does not exceed 10 percent; and (b) exhibit a V-2 or better
flammability rating when tested to UL 94 (Standards for Tests for Flammability of Plastic
Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances).
2. Door overlaps onto jambs and headers.
3. Garage door jambs and headers covered with metal flashing.
404.10 Detached Accessory Structures. Detached accessory structures located less than 50 feet
from a building containing habitable or occupiable space shall have exterior walls constructed in
accordance with Section 404.3 through 404.3.2.
404.10.1 Underfloor areas. Where the detached structure is located and constructed so
that the structure or any portion thereof projects over a descending slope surface greater
than 10 percent, the area below the structure shall have underfloor areas enclosed to
within 6 inches of the ground, with exterior wall construction in accordance with Section
404.3 or underfloor protection in accordance with Section 404.4 or with ⅛-inch metal
corrosion-resistant screen with a hardened zone within 5 feet.
Exception: The enclosure shall not be required where the underside of exposed floors
and exposed structural columns, beams and supporting walls are protected as required for
exterior 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction, heavy timber construction,
noncombustible materials on the exterior side, or fire-retardant-treated wood on the
exterior side. The fire-retardant-treated wood shall be labeled for exterior use and meet
the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code.
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Chapter 5- Site and Area Requirements
SECTION 501 GENERAL
501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to parcels subject to this code.
501.2 Reference. As needed, the code official shall refer to the Home Ignition Zone (HIZ)
Guide as developed by the Colorado State Forest Service.
Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and the HIZ Guide, the provisions of this
code shall govern. The provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the
provisions in the referenced standard.
SECTION 502 CLASS 1 REQUIREMENTS
502.1 Structure Ignition Zone 1 (0-5 feet): Immediate Zone
502.1.1 Objective. This zone is designed to reduce or eliminate ember ignition and direct flame
contact with the structure, decks, stairs, and attachments.
502.1.2 Materials. Use noncombustible, hard surface materials in this zone, such as rock, gravel,
sand, concrete, bare earth or stone/concrete pavers.
Exception: Ignition-resistant plantings, per an approved list by the AHJ that is not less
than that created by the Colorado State Forest Service, are allowed in the Immediate
Zone.
502.1.3 Plantings. Remove all plantings including shrubs, slash, combustible mulch and other
woody debris, with the exception of ignition-resistant vegetation.
502.1.4 Trees. There shall be no planting of new trees in the immediate zone. Mature trees of no
less than 10-inch diameter at 4.5 feet above ground level may be maintained.
Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be pruned to maintain a minimum
clearance of 10 feet.
Prune tree branches to a height of 6-10 feet from the ground or a third of the total height of the
tree, whichever is less.
502.2 Site Signage
502.2.1 Marking of roads. Approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and
maintained for access roads and driveways to identify such roads and prohibit the obstruction
thereof.
502.2.2 Marking of fire protection equipment. Fire protection equipment and fire hydrants
shall be clearly identified in a manner approved by the code official to prevent obstruction.
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502.2.3 Address markers. Buildings shall have a permanently posted address, which shall be
placed at each driveway entrance and be visible from both directions of travel along the road. In
all cases, the address shall be posted at the beginning of construction and shall be maintained
thereafter, and the address shall be visible and legible from the road on which the address is
located in a manner approved by the code official.
502.3 Retaining Walls
502.3.1 Retaining Walls. Retaining walls shall be constructed with either noncombustible or
ignition-resistant materials when any of the following conditions exist:
1. The retaining wall is within 8 feet of a structure regulated by this code or up to the
property line when the property line is less than 8 feet away from the structure.
2. The retaining wall is integral to the support of a structure regulated by this code.
3. The retaining wall is integral to the egress from a structure regulated by this code to a
public way, easement, or private road.
502.4 Fencing
502.4.1 Fencing. Fencing within 8 feet of a structure regulated by this code or up to the property
line when the property line is less than 8 feet away from the structure shall be constructed with
noncombustible or ignition-resistant materials.
Exception: Vinyl fencing. Vinyl fencing may be allowed.
SECTION 503 CLASS 2 REQUIREMENTS
503.1 General. Class 2 site and area requirements shall be in accordance with Sections 503.2
through 503.3.2 and include all requirements of Class 1 in Sections 502.1 through 502.4.
503.2 Structure Ignition Zone 2 (5-30 feet) Intermediate Zone
503.2.1 Objective. This zone is designed to give an approaching fire less fuel, which will help
reduce its intensity as it gets nearer to structures.
503.2.2 Dead Materials. Within the fuel modification area, hazardous dead plant material must
be removed from live vegetation.
503.2.3 Fuels Accumulation. Avoid large accumulations of surface fuels such as logs, branches,
slash and combustible mulch.
503.2.4 Trees. Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be pruned to
maintain a minimum clearance of 10 feet.
Prune tree branches to a height of 6-10 feet from the ground or a third of the total height of the
tree, whichever is less.
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503.2.4.1 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure
ignition and promote fuel discontinuity to limit fire spread.
503.2.5 Shrubs. Shrub groups within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure ignition.
Shrubs shall be at least 10 feet away from the edge of tree branches.
503.3 Structure Ignition Zone 3 (30-100 feet) Expanded Zone
503.3.1 Objective. This zone focuses on mitigation that keeps fire on the ground.
503.3.2 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced at a minimum of 6-10 feet.
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Appendix A: PERMITS
The provisions of this appendix apply only when adopted by the governing body in the final
ordinance.
A101.1 General. Where not otherwise provided in the requirements of the International
Building Code or International Fire Code, permits are required in accordance with Sections
A101.2 through A101.9.
A101.2 Permits required. Unless otherwise exempted, buildings or structures regulated by this
code shall not be erected, constructed, altered, repaired, moved, converted, changed, or changed
in use or occupancy unless a separate permit for each building or structure has first been obtained
from the code official.
For buildings or structures erected for temporary uses, see Section 105.
A101.3 Permit application. To obtain a permit, the applicant shall first file an application
therefor in writing on a form furnished by the code enforcement agency for that purpose. Every
such application shall:
1. Identify and describe the work, activity, operation, practice or function to be covered by
the permit for which application is made.
2. Describe the land on which the proposed work, activity, operation, practice or function is
to be done by legal description, street address or similar description that will readily
identify and definitely locate the proposed building, work, activity, operation, practice or
function.
3. Indicate the use or occupancy for which the proposed work, activity, operation, practice
or function is intended.
4. Be accompanied by plans, diagrams, computation and specifications and other data as
required in Appendix B.
5. State the valuation of any new building or structure or any addition, remodeling or
alteration to an existing building.
6. Be signed by the applicant or the applicant’s authorized agent.
7. Give such other data and information as required by the code official.
A101.3.1 Preliminary inspection. Before a permit is issued, the code official is
authorized to inspect and approve the systems, equipment, buildings, devices, premises
and spaces or areas to be used.
A101.3.2 Time limitation of application. An application for a permit for any proposed
work shall be deemed to have been abandoned 180 days after the date of filing, unless
such application has been pursued in good faith or a permit has been issued; except that
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the code official is authorized to grant one or more extensions of time for additional
periods not exceeding 180 days each. The extension shall be requested in writing and
justifiable cause demonstrated.
A101.4 Permit approval. Before a permit is issued, the code official, or an authorized
representative, shall review and approve permitted uses, occupancies or structures. Where laws
or regulations are enforceable by other agencies or departments, a joint approval shall be
obtained from agencies or departments concerned.
A101.5 Permit issuance. The application, plans, specifications and other data filed by an
applicant for a permit shall be reviewed by the code official. If the code official finds that the
work described in an application for a permit and the plan, specifications and other data filed
therewith conform to the requirements of this code, the code official is allowed to issue a permit
to the applicant.
When the code official issues the permit, the code official shall endorse in writing or stamp the
plans and specifications APPROVED. Such approved plans and specifications shall not be
changed, modified or altered without authorization from the code official, and work regulated by
this code shall be done in accordance with the approved plans.
A101.5.1 Refusal to issue a permit. Where the application or construction documents do not
conform to the requirements of pertinent laws, the code official shall reject such application
in writing, stating the reasons therefor.
A101.6 Validity of permit. The issuance or granting of a permit or approval of plans,
specifications and computations shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an approval of, any
violation of any of the provisions of this code or of any other ordinance of the jurisdiction.
Permits presuming to give authority to violate or conceal the provisions of this code or other
ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.
A101.7 Expiration. Every permit issued by the code official under the provisions of this code
shall expire by limitation and become null and void if the building, use or work authorized by
such permit is not commenced within 180 days from the date of such permit,or if the building,
use or work authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned at any time after the work is
commenced for a period of 180 days.
Any permittee holding an unexpired permit is allowed to apply for an extension of the time
within which work is allowed to commence under that permit where the permittee is unable to
commence work within the time required by this section for good and satisfactory reasons. The
code official is authorized to extend the time for action by the permittee for a period not
exceeding 180 days on written request by the permittee showing that circumstances beyond the
control of the permittee have prevented action from being taken. Permits shall not be extended
more than once.
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A101.8 Retention of permits. Permits shall at all times be kept on the premises designated
therein and shall at all times be subject to inspection by the code official or other authorized
representative.
A101.9 Revocation of permits. Permits issued under this code can be suspended or revoked
where it is determined by the code official that:
1. It is used by a person other than the person to whom the permit was issued.
2. It is used for a location other than that for which the permit was issued.
3. Any of the conditions or limitations set forth in the permit have been violated.
4. The permittee fails, refuses or neglects to comply with any order or notice duly served on
him or her under the provisions of this code within the time provided therein.
5. There has been any false statement or misrepresentation as to material fact in the
application or plans on which the permit or application was made.
6. The permit is issued in error or in violation of any other ordinance, regulations or
provisions of this code.
The code official is allowed to, in writing, suspend or revoke a permit issued under the
provisions of this code whenever the permit is issued in error or on the basis of incorrect
information supplied, or in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of
this code.
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Appendix B: CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
The provisions of this appendix apply only when adopted by the governing body in the final
ordinance.
B101.1 General. Plans, engineering calculations, diagrams and other data shall be submitted in
the format as required by the jurisdiction. The construction documents shall be prepared and
submitted where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be
constructed. Where special conditions exist, the code official is authorized to require additional
documentation.
Exception: Submission of plans, calculations, construction inspection requirements and
other data, if it is found that the nature of the work applied for is such that reviewing of
plans is not necessary to obtain compliance with this code.
B101.2 Information on plans and specifications. Plans and specifications shall be drawn to
scale on substantial paper or cloth and shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature
and extent of the work proposed, and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this
code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations.
B101.3 Site plan. In addition to the requirements for plans in the International Building Code,
site plans shall include topography, landscape and vegetation details and locations of structures
or building envelopes. The code official is authorized to waive or modify the requirement for a
site plan where the application for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise warranted.
Identify the fire intensity classification.
B101.3.1 Defensible Space Site Plans. Defensible space site plans shall be prepared and
submitted to the code official for review and approval as part of the site plans required for
a permit. The code official is authorized to waive or modify the requirement for a
defensible space site plan where the application for permit is for alteration or repair or
where otherwise warranted.
B101.5 Other data and substantiation. Where required by the code official, the plans and
specifications shall include classification of fuel loading, fuel model light, medium or heavy, and
substantiating data to verify classification of fire-resistive vegetation.
B101.6 Retention of plans. One set of approved plans, specifications and computations shall be
retained by the code official for a period of not less than 180 days from date of completion of the
permitted work or as required by state or local laws.
B101.7 Examination of documents. The code official shall examine or cause to be examined
the accompanying construction documents and shall ascertain by such examinations whether the
construction indicated and described is in accordance with the requirements of this code and
other pertinent laws or ordinances.
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B101.8 Amended construction documents. Work shall be installed in accordance with the
approved construction documents, and changes made during construction that are not in
compliance with the approved documents shall be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of
construction documents.
B101.9 Previous approvals. This code shall not require changes in the construction documents,
construction or designated occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit has been
heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction of which has been
pursued in good faith within 180 days after the effective date of this code and has not been
abandoned.
B101.10 Phased approval. The code official is authorized to issue a permit for the construction
of foundations or any other part of a building or structure before the construction documents for
the whole building or structure have been submitted, provided that adequate information and
detailed statements have been filed complying with pertinent requirements of this code. The
holder of such permit for the foundation or other parts of a building or structure shall proceed at
the holder ’s own risk with the building operation and without assurance that a permit for the
entire structure will be granted.
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Appendix C: INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT
The provisions of this appendix apply only when adopted by the governing body in the final
ordinance.
C101.1 Inspection. Inspections shall be in accordance with Sections C101.1.1 through
C101.1.4.3.
C101.1.1 General. Construction or work for which a permit is required by this code shall
be subject to inspection by the code official and such construction or work shall remain
visible and able to be accessed for inspection purposes until approved by the code
official.
It shall be the duty of the permit applicant to cause the work to remain visible and able to
be accessed for inspection purposes. Neither the code official nor the jurisdiction shall be
liable for expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any material required to
allow inspection.
Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a
violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction.
Inspections presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or
of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.
Where required by the code official, a survey of the lot shall be provided to verify that the
mitigation features are provided and the building or structure is located in accordance
with the approved plans.
C101.1.2 Authority to inspect. The code official shall inspect, as often as necessary,
buildings and premises, including such other hazards or appliances designated by the
code official for the purpose of ascertaining and causing to be corrected any conditions
that could reasonably be expected to cause fire or contribute to its spread, or any violation
of the purpose of this code and of any other law or standard affecting fire safety.
C101.1.2.1 Approved inspection agencies. The code official is authorized to accept
reports of approved inspection agencies, provided that such agencies satisfy the
requirements as to qualifications and reliability.
C101.1.2.2 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or
their duly authorized agent to notify the code official when work is ready for
inspection. It shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide access to and means for
inspections of such work that are required by this code.
C101.1.2.3 Approval required. Work shall not be done beyond the point indicated in
each successive inspection without first obtaining the approval of the code official.
The code official, upon notification, shall make the requested inspections and shall
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either indicate the portion of the construction that is satisfactory as completed, or
notify the permit holder or his or her agent wherein the same fails to comply with this
code. Any portions that do not comply shall be corrected and such portion shall not be
covered or concealed until authorized by the code official.
C101.1.3 Reinspections. To determine compliance with this code, the code official can
cause a structure to be reinspected. A fee can be assessed for each inspection or
reinspection where work for which inspection is called is not complete or where
corrections called for are not made.
Reinspection fees can be assessed where the approved plans are not readily available to
the inspector, for failure to provide access on the date for which inspection is requested or
for deviating from plans requiring the approval of the code official.
To obtain a reinspection, the applicant shall pay the reinspection fee as set forth in the fee
schedule adopted by the jurisdiction. Where reinspection fees have been assessed,
additional inspection of the work will not be performed until the required fees have been
paid.
C101.1.4 Testing. Installations shall be tested as required in this code and in accordance
with Sections C101.1.4.1 through C101.1.4.3. Tests shall be made by the permit holder or
authorized agent and observed by the code official.
C101.1.4.1 New, altered, extended or repaired installations. New installations and
parts of existing installations that have been altered, extended, renovated or repaired,
shall be tested as prescribed herein to disclose defects.
C101.1.4.2 Apparatus, instruments, material and labor for tests. Apparatus,
instruments, material and labor required for testing an installation or part thereof shall
be furnished by the permit holder or authorized agent.
C101.1.4.3 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or installation does not pass
an initial test or inspection, the necessary corrections shall be made so as to achieve
compliance with this code. The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to the
code official for inspection and testing.
C101.2 Enforcement. Enforcement shall be in accordance with Sections C101.2.1 and C101.2.2.
C101.2.1 Authorization to issue corrective orders and notices. Where the code official
finds any building or premises that are in violation of this code, the code official is
authorized to issue corrective orders and notices.
C101.2.2 Service of orders and notices. Orders and notices authorized or required by
this code shall be given or served on the owner, the owner ’s authorized agent, operator,
occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation either by verbal
notification, personal service, or delivering the same to, and leaving it with, a person of
suitable age and discretion on the premises; or, if such person is not found on the
39
premises, by affixing a copy thereof in a conspicuous place on the door to the entrance of
said premises and by mailing a copy thereof to such person by registered or certified mail
to the person’s last known address.
Orders or notices that are given verbally shall be confirmed by service in writing as
herein provided.
C101.3 Compliance with orders and notices. Compliance with orders and notices shall be in
accordance with Sections C101.3.1 through C101.3.8.
C101.3.1 General compliance. Orders and notices issued or served as provided by this
code shall be complied with by the owner, the owner ’s authorized agent, operator,
occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation to which the corrective
order or notice pertains.
If the building or premises is not occupied, then such corrective orders or notices shall be
complied with by the owner or the owner ’s authorized agent.
C101.3.2 Compliance with tags. building or premises shall not be used when in
violation of this code as noted on a tag affixed in accordance with Section C101.3.1.
C101.3.3 Removal and destruction of signs and tags. A sign or tag posted or affixed by
the code official shall not be mutilated, destroyed or removed without authorization by
the code official.
C101.3.4 Citations. Persons operating or maintaining an occupancy or premises subject
to this code who allow a hazard to exist or fail to take immediate action to abate a hazard
on such occupancy, premises or vehicle when ordered or notified to do so by the code
official shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
C101.3.5 Unsafe conditions. Buildings, structures or premises that constitute a fire
hazard or are otherwise dangerous to human life, or that in relation to existing use
constitute a hazard to safety or health or public welfare, by reason of inadequate
maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, fire hazard, disaster damage or abandonment as
specified in this code or any other ordinance, are unsafe conditions. Unsafe buildings or
structures shall not be used. Unsafe buildings are hereby declared to be public nuisances
and shall be abated by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or removal, pursuant to
applicable state and local laws and codes.
C101.3.5.1 Record. The code official shall cause a report to be filed on an unsafe
condition. The report shall state the occupancy of the structure and the nature of the
unsafe condition.
C101.3.5.2 Notice. Where an unsafe condition is found, the code official shall serve
on the owner, owner ’s authorized agent or person in control of the building, structure
or premises, a written notice that describes the condition deemed unsafe and specifies
the required repairs or improvements to be made to abate the unsafe condition, or
40
requires the unsafe structure to be demolished. Such notice shall require the person
thus notified, or their designee, to declare to the code official within a stipulated time,
acceptance or rejection of the terms of the order.
C101.3.5.2.1 Method of service. Such notice shall be deemed properly served
where a copy thereof is served by one of the following methods:
1. Delivered to the owner or the owner ’s authorized agent personally.
2. Sent by certified or registered mail addressed to the owner or the owner’s
authorized agent at the last known address with a return receipt requested.
3. Delivered in any other manner as prescribed by local law.
Where the certified or registered letter is returned showing that the letter was not
delivered, a copy thereof shall be posted in a conspicuous place in or about the
structure affected by such notice. Service of such notice in the foregoing manner
on the owner ’s authorized agent or on the person responsible for the structure
shall constitute service of notice on the owner.
C101.3.5.3 Placarding. Upon failure of the owner, the owner ’s authorized agent or
the person responsible to comply with the notice provisions within the time given, the
code official shall post on the premises or on defective equipment a placard bearing
the word “UNSAFE” and a statement of the penalties provided for occupying the
premises, operating the equipment or removing the placard.
C101.3.5.3.1 Placard removal. The code official shall remove the unsafe
condition placard whenever the defect or defects on which the unsafe condition
and placarding action were based have been eliminated. Any person who defaces
or removes an unsafe condition placard without the approval of the code official
shall be subject to the penalties provided by this code.
C101.3.5.4 Abatement. The owner, the owner ’s authorized agent, operator or
occupant of a building, structure or premises deemed unsafe by the code official shall
abate, correct or cause to be abated or corrected such unsafe conditions either by
repair, rehabilitation, demolition or other approved corrective action.
C101.3.5.5 Summary abatement. Where conditions exist that are deemed hazardous
to life and property, the code official is authorized to abate or correct summarily such
hazardous conditions that are in violation of this code.
C101.3.5.6 Evacuation. The code official shall be authorized to order the immediate
evacuation of any occupied building, structure or premises deemed unsafe where such
hazardous conditions exist that present imminent danger to the occupants. Persons so
notified shall immediately leave the structure or premises and shall not enter or
reenter until authorized to do so by the code official.
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C101.3.6 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not complied with
promptly, the code official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to
institute the appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such
violation, or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy of the
building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or direction
made pursuant thereto.
C101.3.7 Violation penalties. An AHJ has the authority to establish fees.
C101.3.8 Abatement of violation. In addition to the imposition of the penalties herein
described, the code official is authorized to institute appropriate action to prevent
unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a violation; or to prevent illegal
occupancy of a structure or premises; or to stop an illegal act, conduct of business or
occupancy of a structure on or about any premises.
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SENATE BILL 23-166
BY SENATOR(S) Cutter and Exum, Buckner, Coleman, Fields, Gonzales,
Hansen, Jaquez Lewis, Marchman, Moreno, Priola, Sullivan, Winter F.,
Fenberg;
also REPRESENTATIVE(S) Froelich and Velasco, Amabile, Bacon, Bird,
Boesenecker, Brown, Dickson, English, Epps, Garcia, Gonzales-Gutierrez,
Hamrick, Herod, Jodeh, Joseph, Kipp, Lindsay, McCormick,
Michaelson Jenet, Ricks, Sirota, Snyder, Story, Titone, Valdez, Willford,
Woodrow, McCluskie.
CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A WILDFIRE RESILIENCY CODE BOARD,
AND, IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, REQUIRING THE WILDFIRE
RESILIENCY CODE BOARD TO ADOPT MODEL CODES, REQUIRING
GOVERNING BODIES WITH JURISDICTION IN AN AREA WITHIN THE
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE TO ADOPT CODES THAT MEET OR
EXCEED THE STANDARDS SET FORTH IN THE MODEL CODES, AND
MAKING AN APPROPRIATION.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:
SECTION 1. In Colorado Revised Statutes, add 24-33.5-1236 and
24-33.5-1237 as follows:
Capital letters or bold & italic numbers indicate new material added to existing law; dashes
through words or numbers indicate deletions from existing law and such material is not part of
the act.
24-33.5-1236. Wildfire resiliency code board - powers and duties
- rules - cash fund - legislative declaration - definitions. (1) Legislative
declaration. (a) THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY HEREBY FINDS AND DECLARES
THAT:
(I) COLORADO'S WILDFIRE RISK HAS CONTINUED TO INCREASE OVER
THE YEARS AND MORE COMMUNITIES ARE AT RISK OF WILDFIRES;
(II) COLORADO WILDFIRES HAVE GROWN IN INTENSITY, FREQUENCY,
AND DEVASTATION SINCE THE YEAR 2000;
(III) A COMBINED APPROACH OF STRUCTURE HARDENING AND
REDUCING FIRE RISK IN THE DEFENSIBLE SPACE SURROUNDING STRUCTURES
IS NECESSARY TO REDUCE THE RISK OF DAMAGE TO COLORADO
COMMUNITIES FROM THE EFFECTS OF WILDFIRES. THIS RISK INCLUDES THE
LOSS OF LIFE, HOMES, BUSINESSES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES AND THE LOSS
OF JOBS AND ECONOMIC VITALITY. RISK EVALUATION IS BASED ON MANY
FACTORS, INCLUDING PROXIMITY TO STRUCTURES. HARDENING STRUCTURES
IS THE PROCESS OF MAKING STRUCTURES MORE RESILIENT TO IGNITION AND
INVOLVES BEST PRACTICES TO PROTECT A STRUCTURE FROM THE RISK OF
WILDFIRE AND TO PREVENT A STRUCTURE FIRE FROM STARTING A WILDFIRE.
(IV) BUILDING STRUCTURES, INCLUDING HOUSES, THAT ARE
RESILIENT TO WILDFIRE RISK IS AS AFFORDABLE OR MORE AFFORDABLE THAN
BUILDING NONRESILIENT STRUCTURES AND REDUCES STRUCTURE LOSS, THE
FINANCIAL INVESTMENT REQUIRED TO REBUILD STRUCTURES, COST OF
INSURANCE, AND PROBLEMS RELATED TO UNDERINSURANCE. IN LIGHT OF
THESE FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS, INCREASING HOUSING STOCK WITH
WILDFIRE RESILIENT STRUCTURES INCREASES AND PROTECTS THE
AFFORDABLE HOUSING STOCK.
(V) THE DIVISION AND THE COLORADO FIRE COMMISSION HAVE
ENGAGED IN A STAKEHOLDER-DRIVEN STRATEGIC PLANNING EFFORT TO
EVALUATE THE BEST APPROACH TO ENSURE THAT COLORADO'S
COMMUNITIES, PROPERTIES, AND STRUCTURES ARE PROTECTED FROM THE
EFFECTS OF WILDFIRES AND HAVE RECOMMENDED THE CREATION OF A
WILDFIRE RESILIENCY CODE BOARD IN COLORADO; AND
(VI) ESTABLISHING A CODE BOARD WILL ALLOW THE STATE TO
ADOPT AND ENFORCE BEST PRACTICE APPROACHES TO HARDENING
PAGE 2-SENATE BILL 23-166
STRUCTURES AND REDUCING FIRE RISK IN THE DEFENSIBLE SPACE
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES THROUGHOUT COLORADO WHILE CONTINUING
TO INVOLVE IMPACTED STAKEHOLDERS IN DECISION-MAKING CONCERNING
WILDFIRE RESILIENCY CODES. As ONE OF ITS FUNCTIONS, THE CODE BOARD
WILL ENDEAVOR TO ESTABLISH A CONSISTENT STATE-LEVEL DEFINITION FOR
THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE THAT CAN BE USED BY ALL APPLICABLE
STATE AGENCIES.
(b) THEREFORE, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECLARES THAT
ESTABLISHING A WILDFIRE RESILIENCY CODE BOARD SERVES THE INTERESTS
OF THE STATE AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN CONSTRUCTING SAFER AND MORE
RESILIENT COMMUNITIES AND REDUCING RISK TO PEOPLE AND PROPERTY.
(2) Board created. THE WILDFIRE RESILIENCY CODE BOARD,
REFERRED TO IN THIS SECTION AS THE "BOARD", IS CREATED IN THE DIVISION
AS A TYPE 2 ENTITY, AS DEFINED IN SECTION 24-1-105. EXCEPT AS
OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN SUBSECTION (4)(b) OF THIS SECTION, THE BOARD
EXERCISES ITS POWERS AND PERFORMS ITS DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS UNDER
THE DIVISION AND THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.
(3) Membership. (a) THE BOARD CONSISTS OF TWENTY-ONE VOTING
MEMBERS WHO MUST BE RESIDENTS OF COLORADO, APPOINTED AS FOLLOWS:
(I) THREE MEMBERS REPRESENTING COLORADO BUILDING CODES
PROFESSIONALS, INCLUDING:
(A) ONE REPRESENTING RURAL COMMUNITIES, APPOINTED BY THE
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES;
(B) ONE REPRESENTING URBAN COMMUNITIES, APPOINTED BY THE
PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE; AND
(C) ONE ARCHITECT WITH EXPERIENCE USING WILDFIRE RESILIENCY
CODES IN THE STATE WHO REPRESENTS A STATEWIDE ORGANIZATION FOR
ARCHITECTS, APPOINTED BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR;
(II) THREE MEMBERS, TWO OF WHICH ARE EITHER A FIRE MARSHAL,
FIRE CHIEF, OR FIRE ENGINEER AND ONE OF WHICH HAS SPECIALIZED
EXPERTISE IN WILDLAND FIRE BEHAVIOR OR WILDFIRE MITIGATION SCIENCE
AND STRATEGIES, EACH APPOINTED BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR;
PAGE 3-SENATE BILL 23-166
(III) ONE MEMBER REPRESENTING A STATEWIDE ORGANIZATION FOR
HOME BUILDING PROFESSIONALS, APPOINTED BY THE MINORITY LEADER OF
THE SENATE;
(IV) ONE MEMBER REPRESENTING A STATEWIDE ORGANIZATION FOR
COMMERCIAL BUILDING PROFESSIONALS, APPOINTED BY THE SPEAKER OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES;
(V) ONE MEMBER REPRESENTING COLORADO LAND USE OR
COMMUNITY PLANNING PROFESSIONALS, APPOINTED BY THE EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR;
(VI) ONE MEMBER REPRESENTING HAZARD MITIGATION
PROFESSIONALS, APPOINTED BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR;
(VII) Six MEMBERS REPRESENTING COLORADO LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS, INCLUDING:
(A) ONE MUNICIPAL REPRESENTATIVE REPRESENTING RURAL
COMMUNITIES WHO IS APPOINTED BY THE MINORITY LEADER OF THE HOUSE
OF REPRESENTATIVES, AND ONE COUNTY REPRESENTATIVE REPRESENTING
RURAL COMMUNITIES WHO IS APPOINTED BY THE MINORITY LEADER OF THE
SENATE;
(B) ONE MUNICIPAL REPRESENTATIVE REPRESENTING URBAN
COMMUNITIES WHO IS APPOINTED BY THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES AND ONE COUNTY REPRESENTATIVE REPRESENTING
URBAN COMMUNITIES WHO IS APPOINTED BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE;
AND
(C) ONE MUNICIPAL AND ONE COUNTY REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENTING A MUNICIPALITY AND A COUNTY THAT, PRIOR TO SEPTEMBER
30, 2023, HAS ADOPTED A CODE THAT PROVIDES, MINIMALLY, FOR WILDFIRE
RESILIENT STRUCTURES AND BEST PRACTICES, EACH APPOINTED BY THE
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR;
(VIII) ONE MEMBER REPRESENTING A STATEWIDE ASSOCIATION OF
PROPERTY AND CASUALTY COMPANIES, APPOINTED BY THE MINORITY
LEADER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES;
PAGE 4-SENATE BILL 23-166
(IX) ONE MEMBER REPRESENTING THE BUILDING TRADES, APPOINTED
BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR;
(X) ONE MEMBER REPRESENTING A STATEWIDE ASSOCIATION OF
NONPROFIT UTILITIES, APPOINTED BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE;
(XI) ONE MEMBER REPRESENTING AN INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITY,
APPOINTED BY THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; AND
(XII) ONE MEMBER REPRESENTING A NONPROFIT HOME BUILDER FOR
AFFORDABLE HOME OWNERSHIP THAT SERVES POPULATIONS WITH INCOMES
UNDER EIGHTY PERCENT OF AN AREA'S MEDIAN INCOME, APPOINTED BY THE
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.
(b) THE BOARD INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING NONVOTING EX OFFICIO
MEMBERS:
(I) THE DIRECTOR OR THE DIRECTOR'S DESIGNEE;
(II) THE STATE FORESTER OR THE STATE FORESTER'S DESIGNEE; AND
(III) THE DIRECTOR OF THE COLORADO RESILIENCY OFFICE CREATED
IN SECTION 24-32-121 OR THE DIRECTOR'S DESIGNEE.
(c) INITIAL APPOINTMENTS MUST BE MADE NO LATER THAN
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023. IN ADDITION TO THE REQUIREMENTS SET FORTH IN
SUBSECTION (3)(a) OF THIS SECTION, AND NOTWITHSTANDING THE
REQUIREMENTS SET FORTH IN SUBSECTION (3)(g) OF THIS SECTION,
INDIVIDUALS INITIALLY APPOINTED TO THE BOARD MUST RESIDE OR WORK
WITHIN AN AREA OF THE STATE THAT IS AT HIGH RISK FOR WILDFIRE AS
DETERMINED WITH INPUT FROM THE COLORADO STATE FOREST SERVICE, AND
SUBSEQUENTLY APPOINTED MEMBERS MUST RESIDE OR WORK IN AREAS OF
THE STATE WITHIN THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AS DEFINED BY THE
BOARD PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (4)(b)(I) OF THIS SECTION.
(d) THE TERM OF APPOINTMENTS FOR APPOINTED MEMBERS IS THREE
YEARS; EXCEPT THAT THE TERMS SHALL BE STAGGERED SO THAT NO MORE
THAN SEVEN MEMBERS' TERMS EXPIRE IN ONE YEAR. A MEMBER MAY BE
REAPPOINTED FOR ONE ADDITIONAL TERM. IN THE EVENT OF A VACANCY,
THE APPLICABLE PERSON AUTHORIZED TO APPOINT A MEMBER OR MEMBERS
PAGE 5-SENATE BILL 23-166
AS SET FORTH IN SUBSECTION (3)(a) OF THIS SECTION FOR THE APPLICABLE
POSITION THAT IS VACANT SHALL APPOINT A NEW MEMBER TO THE VACANT
POSITION FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE UNEXPIRED TERM. A MEMBER
APPOINTED TO FILL A VACANCY MUST MEET THE QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE
VACANT POSITION.
(e) EACH MEMBER OF THE BOARD SERVES WITHOUT COMPENSATION
BUT IS ENTITLED TO REIMBURSEMENT FROM THE WILDFIRE RESILIENCY CODE
BOARD CASH FUND CREATED IN SUBSECTION (8) OF THIS SECTION FOR
ACTUAL AND NECESSARY TRAVEL EXPENSES INCURRED IN THE
PERFORMANCE OF THE MEMBER'S DUTIES AS A MEMBER OF THE BOARD.
(f) THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SHALL APPOINT THE CHAIR OF THE
BOARD.
(g) IN ADDITION TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SUBSECTION (3),
WHEN MAKING APPOINTMENTS TO THE BOARD, REASONABLE EFFORTS MUST
BE MADE TO APPOINT MEMBERS WHO REFLECT THE GEOGRAPHIC AND
DEMOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY OF THE ENTIRE STATE.
(4) Powers and duties. (a) THE MISSION OF THE BOARD IS TO
ENSURE THAT COLORADO COMMUNITIES ARE SAFER FROM AND MORE
RESILIENT TO WILDFIRES BY REDUCING THE RISK TO PEOPLE AND PROPERTY
THROUGH THE ADOPTION OF STATEWIDE CODES AND STANDARDS BASED ON
BEST PRACTICE APPROACHES TO HARDENING STRUCTURES AND REDUCING
FIRE RISK IN THE DEFENSIBLE SPACE SURROUNDING STRUCTURES IN THE
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE IN COLORADO.
(b) IN FURTHERANCE OF ITS MISSION, THE BOARD SHALL
PROMULGATE RULES IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 4 OF THIS TITLE 24
CONCERNING THE ADOPTION OF MINIMUM CODES AND STANDARDS FOR
HARDENING STRUCTURES AND REDUCING FIRE RISK IN THE DEFENSIBLE
SPACE SURROUNDING STRUCTURES IN THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE IN
COLORADO. NOTWITHSTANDING SECTION 24-1-105 (1)(C) OR ANY OTHER
LAW TO THE CONTRARY, THE RULES PROMULGATED BY THE BOARD ARE NOT
SUBJECT TO APPROVAL OR MODIFICATION BY THE DIRECTOR OR THE
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. AT A MINIMUM, THE RULES MUST:
(I) DEFINE THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AND IDENTIFY THE
AREAS OF COLORADO THAT ARE INCLUDED WITHIN IT; EXCEPT THAT,
PAGE 6-SENATE BILL 23-166
NOTWITHSTANDING THE AREA THAT THE BOARD IDENTIFIES AS INCLUDED
WITHIN THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE, ANY THIRTY-FIVE ACRE PARCEL
WITH ONLY ONE RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE ON IT THAT DOES NOT ABUT A
RESIDENTIAL OR COMMERCIAL AREA IS EXEMPT FROM ADHERENCE TO THE
CODES. IN DEFINING COLORADO'S WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE, THE BOARD
MAY CONSIDER BEST PRACTICES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PRACTICES
OF OTHER STATES AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT; REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
AND RISKS WITHIN THE STATE; ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND SAFETY
IMPACTS; ANY EXISTING DEFINITIONS OF THE TERM WILDLAND-URBAN
INTERFACE; AND INDIVIDUAL RISK PROFILES IDENTIFIED BY THE COLORADO
STATE FOREST SERVICE. THE DEFINITION OF THE WILDLAND-URBAN
INTERFACE SHALL BE UPDATED ONCE EVERY THREE YEARS, AS THE BOARD
DETERMINES MAY BE NECESSARY.
(II) ADOPT MINIMUM CODES AND STANDARDS, REFERRED TO IN THIS
SECTION AS THE "CODES", THAT MUST:
(A) BE BASED ON BEST PRACTICES TO REDUCE THE RISK TO LIFE AND
PROPERTY FROM THE EFFECTS OF WILDFIRES;
(B) TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE FISCAL IMPACTS OF ADOPTING
SUCH CODES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO COST IMPACTS FOR CITIES,
COUNTIES, AND PROPERTY OWNERS RELATED TO CONSTRUCTION COSTS,
INSURANCE COVERAGE, AND REDUCTION OF RISK FOR DAMAGE OR LOSS OF
STRUCTURES FROM FIRES, AND TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION REGIONAL RISK
PROFILES WITHIN THE STATE, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, EXISTING MODEL
CODES, REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN AFFORDABILITY, DENSITY, AND EXISTING
BUILDING AND PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODES, AND HEALTH AND SAFETY
IMPACTS;
(C) APPLY TO PERMITTING AND INSPECTIONS FOR NEW
CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES OR DEFENSIBLE SPACE AROUND STRUCTURES
AND FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR AN EXTERNAL ADDITION, ALTERATION, OR
REPAIR TO A STRUCTURE OR THE DEFENSIBLE SPACE AROUND THE
STRUCTURE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS SUBSECTION (4)(b)(II)(C).
COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODES IS REQUIRED FOR PERMITS AND INSPECTIONS
IN CONNECTION WITH INCREASING THE FOOTPRINT OF A STRUCTURE BY FIVE
HUNDRED SQUARE FEET, INCLUDING ADDING ATTACHMENTS TO THE
STRUCTURE. COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODES IS REQUIRED FOR PERMITS AND
INSPECTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH AN ALTERATION OR REPAIR TO THE
PAGE 7-SENATE BILL 23-166
EXTERIOR OF AN EXISTING STRUCTURE, OR AN ATTACHMENT TO IT, IF
TWENTY-FIVE PERCENT OR MORE OF THE EXTERIOR OF THE STRUCTURE OR
THE ATTACHMENT TO IT IS AFFECTED BY THE ALTERATION OR REPAIR.
COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODES IS REQUIRED FOR THE ADDITION OF A WOODEN
DECK TO A STRUCTURE. THE CODES SHALL NOT APPLY TO INTERIOR
ALTERATIONS OF EXISTING STRUCTURES.
(D) BE INITIALLY ADOPTED BY THE BOARD NO LATER THAN JULY 1,
2025, AND REVIEWED BY THE BOARD EVERY THREE YEARS AND UPDATED OR
SUPPLEMENTED AS THE BOARD DETERMINES MAY BE NECESSARY;
(III) IDENTIFY THE RANGE OF HAZARDS AND THE TYPES OF
BUILDINGS, ENTITIES, AND DEFENSIBLE SPACE AROUND STRUCTURES WITHIN
THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE TO WHICH THE CODES APPLY;
(IV) ESTABLISH THE PROCESS BY WHICH A GOVERNING BODY MAY
PETITION THE BOARD FOR A MODIFICATION TO THE CODES IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION 24-33.5-1237 (3);
(V) ESTABLISH THE CRITERIA AND PROCESS FOR THE BOARD TO DENY
OR GRANT AN APPEAL FROM A DECISION BY THE BOARD ON A PETITION FOR
MODIFICATION MADE PURSUANT TO THE RULES ADOPTED IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SUBSECTION (4)(b)(IV) OF THIS SECTION; AND
(VI) ESTABLISH CRITERIA AND PARAMETERS CONSISTENT WITH
SECTIONS 24-65.1-105 AND 29-20-108 FOR EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION OR
APPROVAL OF AN EXEMPTION FROM THE CODE FOR ACTIVITIES OR
INVESTMENTS RELATED TO REPAIR, REPLACEMENT, OR HARDENING OF
EXISTING UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE PRIMARILY WITHIN EXISTING
TRANSMISSION ROUTES THAT MITIGATE WILDFIRE RISK.
(C) IN ADDITION TO PROMULGATING THE RULES REQUIRED BY
SUBSECTION (4)(b) OF THIS SECTION, THE BOARD SHALL:
(I) WHEN PROMULGATING RULES PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (4)(b)
OF THIS SECTION, COLLABORATE WITH:
(A) THE DIVISION OF INSURANCE CREATED IN SECTION 10-1-103 (1);
(B) THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS; AND
PAGE 8-SENATE BILL 23-166
(C) THE ENERGY CODE BOARD ESTABLISHED IN SECTION 24-38.5-401
(2);
(II) PURSUANT TO THE BOARD'S COLLABORATION WITH THE ENERGY
CODE BOARD AS REQUIRED BY SUBSECTION (4)(c)(I)(C) OF THIS SECTION,
THE BOARD SHALL WORK WITH THE ENERGY CODE BOARD TO IDENTIFY ANY
CONFLICTS BETWEEN CODES DEVELOPED BY THE ENERGY CODE BOARD
PURSUANT TO SECTION 24-38.5-401 (5) AND (6) AND RULES PROMULGATED
BY THE BOARD AND MAKE BEST EFFORTS TO RESOLVE ANY CONFLICTS;
(III) CONSIDER OPPORTUNITIES TO INCENTIVIZE AND SUPPORT
GOVERNING BODIES IN ADOPTING MORE STRINGENT CODES THAN THE CODES
ADOPTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUBSECTION (4)(b)(II) OF THIS SECTION;
(IV) RECEIVE PETITIONS FOR MODIFICATION OF THE CODES AND
STANDARDS SUBMITTED BY GOVERNING BODIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION 24-33.5-1237 (3) AND RULES ADOPTED BY THE BOARD PURSUANT
TO SUBSECTION (4)(b) OF THIS SECTION; AND
(V) REVIEW APPEALS, CONDUCT HEARINGS, AND ISSUE DECISIONS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 24-33.5-1237 AND RULES ADOPTED BY THE
BOARD PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (4)(b) OF THIS SECTION.
(d) PROPERTIES WITH A CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY ARE NOT
REQUIRED TO BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODES PRIOR TO THE SALE OR
TRANSFER OF A PROPERTY.
(e) EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION AND IN
SECTION 24-33.5-1237, THE BOARD IS NOT AUTHORIZED TO MAKE OR ADOPT
LAND USE POLICIES.
(f) THE BOARD SHALL HOLD HEARINGS TO ALLOW FOR STATEWIDE
PUBLIC INPUT AND SHALL PROACTIVELY SOLICIT PUBLIC FEEDBACK WHEN
PROMULGATING RULES PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
(g) THE BOARD SHALL NOT APPROVE FINAL ADOPTION OF THE CODES,
OR ANY UPDATES OR SUPPLEMENTS TO THE CODES PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION
(4)(b) OF THIS SECTION, UNTIL AT LEAST THREE STATEWIDE PUBLIC
HEARINGS HAVE BEEN HELD, INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE HEARING HELD IN A
LOCATION WEST OF THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE AND AT LEAST ONE HEARING
PAGE 9-SENATE BILL 23-166
HELD IN A LOCATION EAST OF THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE AND EITHER SOUTH
OF EL PASO COUNTY'S SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OR EAST OF ARAPAHOE
COUNTY'S EASTERN BOUNDARY. MEMBERS OF THE BOARD MAY PARTICIPATE
ELECTRONICALLY AND THE BOARD SHALL ESTABLISH RULES TO PROVIDE FOR
THE NECESSARY ELEMENTS FOR ELECTRONIC ATTENDANCE AT HEARINGS.
(5) Staff support. THE DIVISION AND THE COLORADO FIRE
COMMISSION SHALL PROVIDE OFFICE SPACE, EQUIPMENT, AND STAFF
SERVICES AS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THIS SECTION. THE DIVISION SHALL
PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO THE BOARD IN MAINTAINING A PUBLICLY
ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE THAT MUST CONTAIN CURRENT INFORMATION ON
ACTIONS TAKEN BY THE BOARD AND CURRENT INFORMATION ABOUT THE
CODES.
(6) Reports. (a) NOTWITHSTANDING SECTION 24-1-136 (11)(a)(I),
ON OR BEFORE SEPTEMBER 30, 2024, AND ON OR BEFORE SEPTEMBER 30
EACH YEAR THEREAFTER, THE BOARD SHALL SUBMIT A WRITTEN REPORT TO
THE WILDFIRE MATTERS REVIEW COMMITTEE CREATED IN SECTION 2-3-1602
AND THE DIRECTOR ON ITS ACTIVITIES, ACTIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR IMPROVEMENT.
(b) THE REPORT REQUIRED BY SUBSECTION (6)(a) OF THIS SECTION
MUST INCLUDE INFORMATION CONCERNING:
(I) DEFINITIONS ADOPTED BY THE BOARD;
(II) PERFORMANCE METRICS ADOPTED AND USED BY THE BOARD;
AND
(III) COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODES ADOPTED BY THE BOARD,
INCLUDING:
(A) A LIST OF GOVERNING BODIES THAT HAVE ADOPTED A CODE
THAT MEETS THE MINIMUM STANDARDS SET FORTH IN THE CODES;
(B) A LIST OF GOVERNING BODIES THAT HAVE ADOPTED A CODE THAT
EXCEEDS THE MINIMUM STANDARDS SET FORTH IN THE CODES;
(C) A LIST OF ANY GOVERNING BODIES THAT THE BOARD BELIEVES
TO NOT BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS SET FORTH IN SECTION
PAGE 10-SENATE BILL 23-166
24-33.5-1237 (2)(a);
(D) A LIST OF ANY GOVERNING BODIES THAT HAVE APPROVED
MODIFICATIONS TO THE GOVERNING BODY'S CODE BY THE BOARD AND A
DESCRIPTION OF THE APPROVED MODIFICATIONS; AND
(E) A LIST OF ANY GOVERNING BODIES THAT HAVE APPLIED TO THE
BOARD FOR A MODIFICATION TO THE GOVERNING BODY'S CODE, A
DESCRIPTION OF EACH PROPOSED MODIFICATION, AND THE STATUS OF THE
APPEAL.
(7) Gifts, grants, and donations. THE BOARD MAY SEEK, ACCEPT,
AND EXPEND GIFTS, GRANTS, OR DONATIONS FROM PRIVATE OR PUBLIC
SOURCES FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION AND SECTION 24-33.5-1237.
THE BOARD SHALL TRANSMIT ALL MONEY RECEIVED THROUGH GIFTS,
GRANTS, OR DONATIONS TO THE STATE TREASURER, WHO SHALL CREDIT THE
MONEY TO THE WILDFIRE RESILIENCY CODE BOARD CASH FUND CREATED IN
SUBSECTION (8) OF THIS SECTION.
(8) Wildfire resiliency code board cash fund. (a) THE WILDFIRE
RESILIENCY CODE BOARD CASH FUND, REFERRED TO IN THIS SUBSECTION (8)
AS THE "FUND", IS CREATED IN THE STATE TREASURY. THE FUND CONSISTS
OF MONEY TRANSFERRED TO THE FUND PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (8)(d) OF
THIS SECTION, MONEY CREDITED TO THE FUND PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION,
MONEY CREDITED TO THE FUND PURSUANT TO SECTION 24-33.5-1237 (2)(d),
AND ANY OTHER MONEY THAT THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY MAY APPROPRIATE
OR TRANSFER TO THE FUND.
(b) THE STATE TREASURER SHALL CREDIT ALL INTEREST AND INCOME
DERIVED FROM THE DEPOSIT AND INVESTMENT OF MONEY IN THE FUND TO
THE FUND.
(C) SUBJECT TO ANNUAL APPROPRIATION BY THE GENERAL
ASSEMBLY, THE DEPARTMENT MAY EXPEND MONEY FROM THE FUND FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS SECTION AND OF SECTION 24-33.5-1237.
(d) ON JULY 1, 2023, THE STATE TREASURER SHALL TRANSFER TWO
HUNDRED FIFTY THOUSAND DOLLARS FROM THE GENERAL FUND TO THE
FUND.
PAGE 11-SENATE BILL 23-166
(9) As USED IN THIS SECTION, UNLESS THE CONTEXT OTHERWISE
REQUIRES, "GOVERNING BODY" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET FORTH IN
SECTION 24-33.5-1237 (1)(d).
24-33.5-1237. Application of wildfire resiliency codes -
enforcement - definitions. (1) As USED IN THIS SECTION, UNLESS THE
CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES:
(a) "BOARD" MEANS THE WILDFIRE RESILIENCY CODE BOARD
CREATED IN SECTION 24-33.5-1236 (2).
(b) "CODES" MEANS THE MINIMUM CODES AND STANDARDS ADOPTED
BY THE BOARD PURSUANT TO SECTION 24-33.5-1236 (4)(b)(II).
(c) "CODE BOARD CASH FUND" MEANS THE WILDFIRE RESILIENCY
CODE BOARD CASH FUND CREATED IN SECTION 24-33.5-1236 (8).
(d) "GOVERNING BODY" MEANS:
(I) THE CITY COUNCIL, TOWN COUNCIL, BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OR
OTHER GOVERNING BODY OF A CITY, TOWN, OR CITY AND COUNTY;
(II) THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF A FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT
ORGANIZED PURSUANT TO PART 1 OF ARTICLE 1 OF TITLE 32;
(III) THE GOVERNING BODY OF AN IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT THAT
PROVIDES FIRE PROTECTION SERVICES ORGANIZED PURSUANT TO PART 5 OF
ARTICLE 20 OF TITLE 30; OR
(IV) THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS WITH RESPECT TO THE
AREA WITHIN A COUNTY THAT IS OUTSIDE THE CORPORATE LIMITS OF A CITY
OR TOWN AND OUTSIDE THE BOUNDARIES OF A FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT.
(e) "WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET
FORTH BY THE BOARD IN ITS RULES PURSUANT TO SECTION 24-33.5-1236
(4)(b)(I).
(2) (a) A GOVERNING BODY WITH JURISDICTION IN AN AREA WITHIN
THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE THAT HAS THE AUTHORITY TO ADOPT
BUILDING CODES OR FIRE CODES SHALL ADOPT A CODE THAT MEETS OR
PAGE 12-SENATE BILL 23-166
EXCEEDS THE MINIMUM STANDARDS SET FORTH IN THE CODES WITHIN THREE
MONTHS OF THE BOARD ADOPTING THE CODES IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION 24-33.5-1236 (4)(b)(II)(D).
(b) ENFORCEMENT OF A CODE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION
(2)(a) OF THIS SECTION SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RULES AND
REGULATIONS FOR CODE ENFORCEMENT BY THE GOVERNING BODY. THE
PERIOD TO COMPLY WITH AN ADOPTED CODE SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE GOVERNING BODY OR WITHIN THREE
MONTHS OF THE DATE THE CODE IS ADOPTED BY THE GOVERNING BODY,
WHICHEVER IS SOONER.
(C) THE BOARD MAY REVIEW A GOVERNING BODY'S CODES ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (2)(a) OF THIS SECTION AND A GOVERNING
BODY'S APPLICATION OF THE ADOPTED CODES TO DETERMINE COMPLIANCE
WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SECTION. GOVERNING BODIES SHALL
COOPERATE WITH THE BOARD AND BE RESPONSIVE TO ANY REQUESTS FOR
INFORMATION FROM THE BOARD MADE PURSUANT TO THE BOARD'S REVIEW
SET FORTH IN THIS SUBSECTION (2)(c).
(d) NOTWITHSTANDING SUBSECTION (2)(b) OF THIS SECTION, IF A
GOVERNING BODY DOES NOT HAVE RULES AND REGULATIONS IN PLACE FOR
THE ENFORCEMENT OF A CODE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (2)(a)
OF THIS SECTION, THE GOVERNING BODY MAY REQUEST SUPPORT FROM THE
DIVISION IN CONDUCTING INSPECTIONS AND ENFORCING THE CODE PURSUANT
TO THE DIVISION'S PROCEDURES SET FORTH IN SECTION 24-33.5-1213;
EXCEPT THAT ANY CIVIL PENALTY COLLECTED PURSUANT TO SECTION
24-33.5-1213 (4) SHALL BE DEPOSITED IN THE CODE BOARD CASH FUND. THE
DIVISION MAY CHARGE A REASONABLE FEE TO THE PROPERTY OWNER FOR
CONDUCTING INSPECTIONS AND ENFORCING THE CODE, AND MONEY FROM
THE FEE SHALL BE DEPOSITED IN THE CODE BOARD CASH FUND.
(3) A GOVERNING BODY MAY PETITION THE BOARD FOR A
MODIFICATION OF THE CODES WITHIN ITS JURISDICTION IN ACCORDANCE
WITH PROCEDURES ADOPTED BY THE BOARD PURSUANT TO SECTION
24-33.5-1236 (4)(b)(IV). IF THE BOARD GRANTS THE PETITION FOR
MODIFICATION, THE MODIFICATION APPLIES ONLY WITHIN THE JURISDICTION
THAT IS GRANTED THE MODIFICATION. THE ORDER GRANTING THE PETITION
FOR MODIFICATION MUST SPECIFY A DATE ON WHICH THE MODIFICATION
EXPIRES, AND THE GOVERNING BODY MUST PETITION THE BOARD BEFORE THE
PAGE 13-SENATE BILL 23-166
EXPIRATION DATE TO KEEP THE MODIFICATION IN EFFECT, OR THE BOARD AT
ITS DISCRETION AND THROUGH ITS OWN ACTION MAY EXTEND THE
MODIFICATION AND SPECIFY A NEW EXPIRATION DATE. A GOVERNING BODY
MAY APPEAL A DENIAL OF A PETITION TO THE BOARD IN ACCORDANCE WITH
PROCEDURES ADOPTED BY THE BOARD PURSUANT TO SECTION 24-33.5-1236
(4)(b)(V).
(4) THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION CREATED IN SECTION
40-2-101 SHALL CONSIDER APPLICATION OF THE CODES WHEN CARRYING OUT
THE PUBLIC UTILITIES LAW; CARRYING OUT AND IMPLEMENTING ITS POLICIES,
PROCEDURES, AND DECISIONS; AND MEETING ANY REQUIREMENTS UNDER ITS
JURISDICTION.
SECTION 2. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-75-402, amend
(5)(yy) and (5)(zz); and add (5)(ccc) as follows:
24-75-402. Cash funds - limit on uncommitted reserves -
reduction in the amount of fees - exclusions - definitions.
(5) Notwithstanding any provision of this section to the contrary, the
following cash funds are excluded from the limitations specified in this
section:
(yy) The disability support fund created in section 24-30-2205.5 (1);
and
(zz) The responsible gaming grant program cash fund created in
section 44-30-1702 (8); AND
(CCC) THE WILDFIRE RESILIENCY CODE BOARD CASH FUND CREATED
IN SECTION 24-33.5-1236 (8).
SECTION 3. Appropriation. (1) For the 2023-24 state fiscal year,
$9,302 is appropriated to the wildfire resiliency code board cash fund
created in section 24-33.5-1236 (8)(a), C.R.S. This appropriation is from the
general fund. The department of public safety is responsible for the
accounting related to this appropriation.
(2) For the 2023-24 state fiscal year, $9,302 is appropriated to the
department ofpublic safety. This appropriation is from reappropriated funds
in the wildfire resiliency code board cash fund under subsection (1) of this
PAGE 14-SENATE BILL 23-166
section. To implement this act, the department may use this appropriation
as follows:
(a) $1,589 for use by the division of fire prevention and control for
the wildfire resiliency code board; and
(b) $7,713 for use by the executive director's office for vehicle lease
payments.
(3) For the 2023-24 state fiscal year, $250,000 is appropriated to the
department of public safety for use by the division of fire prevention and
control. This appropriation is from the wildfire resiliency code board cash
fund created in section 24-33.5-1236 (8)(a), C.R.S., and is based on an
assumption that the division will require an additional 2.0 FTE. To
implement this act, the division may use this appropriation for the wildfire
resiliency code board.
SECTION 4. Safety clause. The general assembly hereby finds,
PAGE 15-SENATE BILL 23-166
determines, and declares that this act is necessary for the immediate
preservation of the public peace, health, or safety.
Steve Fenberg
PRESIDENT OF
THE SENATE
(4e_Zet:c31._Thcacev-E-E0
Cindi L. Markwell
SECRETARY OF
THE SENATE
APPROVED riid
Julie McCl le
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
OF REPRESENTATIVES
bin Jones
CHIEF CLERK OF T E HOUSE
OF REPRESENTATIVES
IA cfrd M4''', 2013 cd- 9: qs 0 ...,_
(Date and Time)
Jared S
GO OR OF TH TE OF COLORADO
PAGE 16-SENATE BILL 23-166
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COLORADO
Wildfire
Resiliency
Code Board
2025 Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code
COPS
01 June 2025
COLORADO
Department of Public Safety
COLORADO
Division of Fire
Prevention & Control
Department of Public Salety
CWRC Version 1.0
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ATTRIBUTIONS
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This material contains significant portions from the 2024 International
Wildland Interface Code ("2024 IWUIC"), which is a registered copyrighted work owned by the
International Code Council, Inc. (the "ICC"). The 2024 IWUIC, and any and all portions thereof,
have been obtained and reproduced herein with permission. The "International Code Council",
"International Wildland Interface Code", the acronyms "ICC" and "IWUIC", and the ICC logogram
are registered trademarks and service marks of ICC. Use of these marks or the 2024 IWUIC
without advance written permission from the ICC is prohibited.
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Scope and Administration.
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS.
SECTION 101 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
SECTION 103-CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY.
SECTION 104-DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL.
SECTION 105—TEMPORARY USES, EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS.....
SECTION 106-FEES..
4
4
4
6
8
8
8
12
13
SECTION 107-STOP WORK ORDER..13
SECTION 108 - CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS.13
Chapter 2 - Definitions..........14
SECTION 201 GENERAL.14
SECTION 202 DEFINITIONS 14
Chapter 3 - Wildfire Hazard Identification.18
SECTION 301 GENERAL..18
SECTION 302 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA DESIGNATIONS....18
SECTION 303 MAPPING AND APPLICABILITY..18
SECTION 304 GROUND-TRUTHING.20
Chapter 4- Structure Hardening.22
SECTION 401 GENERAL.22
SECTION 402 BUILDING MATERIAL
SECTION 403 STRUCTURE HARDENING.
Chapter 5- Site and Area Requirements.
SECTION 501 GENERAL.
SECTION 502 REQUIREMENTS.
22
24
28
28
.28
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Chapter 1 - Scope and Administration
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 101 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Colorado Wildfire Resiliency Code as adopted
by Larimer County, hereinafter referred to as "this code."
101.2 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement,
repair, maintenance and use of any building, structure or premises that contain occupiable and/or
habitable space, or change in use resulting in an occupiable and/or habitable space, unless
excepted, within the wildland-urban interface areas of Colorado, as designated in this code.
Buildings or conditions in existence at the time of the adoption of this code are allowed to have
their use or occupancy continued, if such condition, use or occupancy was legal at the time of the
adoption of this code, provided that such continued use does not constitute a distinct danger to life
or property.
Buildings or structures moved into or within the jurisdiction shall comply with the provisions of this
code for new buildings or structures.
101.2.1 Appendices. Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unless specifically adopted.
101.2.2 Factory-built structures (nonresidential, residential, and tiny homes). Structure
hardening provisions of this code for factory-built structures as defined by sections 24-32-3302(9),
(10), (11), and (35), C.R.S., are in accordance with Rules adopted by the Division of Housing in 8
CCR 1302-1, Rule 2 Codes and Standards.
101.2.3 HUD code homes. Homes built to the Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards are exempt from structure hardening
requirements on their first installation. Homes built to the HUD Manufactured Home Construction
and Safety Standards which are moved into an applicable Wildfire Resiliency code area are subject
to the provisions of this code as required by the authority having jurisdiction.
101.3 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish minimum regulations for the safeguarding
of life and for property protection. Regulations in this code are intended to mitigate the risk to life
and structures from intrusion of fire from wildland fire exposures and fire exposures from adjacent
structures and to mitigate structure fires from spreading to wildland fuels. The extent of this
regulation is intended to be tiered commensurate with the relative level of hazard present.
The unrestricted use of property in wildland-urban interface areas is a potential threat to life and
property from fire and resulting erosion. Safeguards to prevent the occurrence of fires and to
provide adequate fire protection facilities to control the spread of fire in wildland-urban interface
areas shall be in accordance with this code.
This code shall supplement the jurisdiction's building and fire codes, if such codes have been
adopted, to provide for special regulations to mitigate the fire- and life-safety hazards of the
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wildland-urban interface areas.
101.4 Retroactivity. The provisions of the code shall apply to conditions arising after the adoption
thereof, conditions not legally in existence at the adoption of this code and conditions that, in the
opinion of the code official, constitute a distinct hazard to life oror property.
Exception: Provisions of this code that specifically apply to existing conditions are retroactive.
101.5 Additions or alterations. Additions or alterations shall be permitted to be made to any
building or structure without requiring the existing building or structure to comply with all of the
requirements of this code, provided that, when the work increases the footprint of the existing
structure by 500 square feet or greater, the addition or alteration conforms to that required for a new
building or structure.
Exception: Provisions of this code that specifically apply to existing conditions are retroactive.
Additions or alterations shall not be made to an existing building or structure that will cause the
existing building or structure to be in violation of any of the provisions of this code nor shall such
additions or alterations cause the existing building or structure to become unsafe. An unsafe
condition shall be deemed to have been created if an addition or alteration will cause the existing
building or structure to become structurally unsafe or overloaded; will not provide adequate access
in compliance with the provisions of this code or will obstruct existing exits or access; will create a
fire hazard; will reduce required fire resistance or will otherwise create conditions dangerous to
human life.
101.6 Roof coverings. The roof covering on buildings or structures in existence prior to adoption of
this code that are replaced or have 25 percent or more of the surface area of the roof replaced, or
where work to reconstruct, alter, or repair the roof covering effectively replaces such material, shall
require the entirety of the roof covering to be replaced with a roof covering required for new
construction specified in Sections 403.2 through 403.2.2.
Exception: Existing roof coverings that are compliant with Section 403.2.
101.7 Exterior walls. The exterior walls of building or structures in existence prior to adoption of
this code where 25 percent or more of the total exterior wall surface area is replaced, or where work
to reconstruct, alter or repair the exterior walls effectively replaces the exterior wall material, shall
require the entirety of the exterior wall surface area, including attachments, to be replaced with
materials required for new construction specified in Section 404.3 through 404.3.2 and the
immediate zone within 5 feet of the structure shall be made to comply with Section 503.1.
Exception: Existing exterior walls that are compliant with Section 404.3.
101.8 Maintenance. Buildings, structures, landscape materials, vegetation, defensible space or
other devices or safeguards required by this code shall be maintained in conformance to the code
edition under which installed. The owner or the owner's authorized agent shall be responsible for
the maintenance of buildings, structures, landscape materials and vegetation.
SECTION 102-APPLICABILITY
102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific
requirement, the specific requirement shall govern. Where, in any specific case, different sections of
this code, or any other adopted code, specify different materials, methods of construction or other
requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
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102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of
local, state or federal law.
102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not
specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of
this code.
102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code are listed
throughout this code. Such codes and standards shall be considered as part of the requirements of
this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1
and 102.4.2.
102.4.1 Сonflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and the referenced codes
and standards, the provisions of this code shall govern.
102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a
referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the
provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced
standard.
102.5 Subjects not regulated by this code. Where applicable standards or requirements are not set
forth in this code, or are contained within other laws, codes, regulations, ordinances or policies
adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, compliance with applicable standards of other
nationally recognized safety standards, as approved, shall be deemed as prima facie evidence of
compliance with the intent of this code. Nothing herein shall derogate from the authority of the
code official to determine compliance with codes or standards for those activities or installations
within the code official's jurisdiction or responsibility.
102.6 Matters not provided for. Requirements that are essential for the public safety of an existing
or proposed activity, building or structure, or for the safety of the occupants thereof, which are not
specifically provided for by this code, shall be determined by the code official consistent with the
necessity to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety and general
welfare.
102.7 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or
void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions.
102.8 Existing conditions. The legal occupancy or use of any structure or condition existing on the
date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, except as is specifically
covered in this code, the International Fire Code or the International Property Maintenance Code,
or as is deemed necessary by the code official for the general safety and welfare of the occupants
and the public.
102.9 Historic structures. A variance is authorized to be issued for the repair or rehabilitation of
a historic structure or construction of a contributing structure upon a determination that the
proposed repair or rehabilitation will not preclude the structure's continued designation as a
historic structure, and the variance is the minimum necessary to preserve the historic character
and design of the structure, within the spirit of this code.
Exception: Within wildfire hazard areas, historic structures that do not meet one or more of the
following designations:
1. Listed or preliminarily determined to be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic
Places.
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2. Determined as contributing to the historical significance of a registered historic district or a
district preliminarily determined to qualify as an historic district.
3. Designated as historic under a state or local historic preservation program.
102.9.1 Historic preservation exemption. The authority having jurisdiction may establish a
historic preservation exemption or exemptions in their jurisdiction that consists of the spirit and
intent of this code.
102.10 Work exempt from permit under this code. Exemptions from code requirements shall not
be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done in any manner in violation of the
provisions of this code or any other laws or ordinances of the jurisdiction. Compliance with this
code shall not be required for the following:
1. Interior alterations of existing structures.
2. Additions that do not increase the footprint of a structure by more than 500 square feet.
3. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior walls of an existing
building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of all exterior walls is affected.
4. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior roof covering of an
existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of the exterior roof covering or
an attachment thereto is affected.
5. Alterations or repairs to the exterior of an existing structure, or an attachment to it, when less
than twenty-five percent of the exterior of the structure is affected by the alteration or repair.
6. Painting, staining and similar maintenance or restorative work.
7. One-story detached accessory, nonhabitable structures, such as tool and storage sheds,
playhouses and similar uses, provided that the floor area does not exceed 120 square feet and the
structure is located greater than or equal to 10 feet from the nearest adjacent occupiable structure.
8. Accessory structures and buildings of an accessory character classified as Utility and
Miscellaneous Group U (including Agricultural Structures) located more than 50 feet from a
structure containing occupiable or habitable spасе.
9. Fences located more than 8 feet from a habitable structure.
10. Any thirty five acre parcel with only one residential structure on it that does not abut a
residential or commercial area.
PART 2-ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT SECTION
103-СОODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
103.1 Creation of agency. The Building Division is hereby created and the official in charge
thereof shall be known as the code official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation,
administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the
concurrence of the appointing authority, the code official shall have the authority to appoint a
deputy code official, other related technical officers, inspectors and other employees. Such
employees shall have powers as delegated by the code official.
SECTION 104-DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL
104.1 Powers and duties of the code official. The code official is hereby authorized to enforce the
provisions of this code.
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104.2 Determination of compliance. The code official shall have the authority to determine
compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and
procedures in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies and
procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
104.2.1 Тechnical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the code official is
authorized to require the owner, the owner's authorized agent or the person in possession or control
of the building or premises to provide a technical opinion and report.
104.2.1.1 Costs. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.
104.2.1.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be prepared by a
qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code
official. The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the
stamp of, a registered design professional.
104.2.1.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of the design,
operation or use of the building or premises, the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon and
fuel management to identify and propose necessary recommendations.
104.2.1.4 Tests. Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions of this
code, the code official shall have the authority to require tests as evidence of compliance. Test
methods shall be as specified in this code or by other recognized test standards. In the absence of
recognized test standards, the code official shall approve the testing procedures. Such tests shall be
performed by a party acceptable to the code official.
to
104.2.2 Alternative materials, design and methods. The provisions of this code are not intended
prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not
specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved.
104.2.2.1 Approval authority. An alternative material, design or method shall be approved where
the code official finds that the proposed alternative is satisfactory and complies with Sections
104.2.2.2 through 104.2.2.7, as applicable.
104.2.2.2 Application and disposition. Where required, a request to use an alternative material,
design or method of construction shall be submitted in writing to the code official for approval.
Where the alternative material, design or method of construction is not approved, the code official
shall respond in writing, stating the reasons the alternative was not approved.
104.2.2.3 Сompliance with code intent. An alternative material, design or method of construction
shall comply with the intent of the provisions of this code.
104.2.2.4 Equivalency criteria. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall, for
the purpose intended, be not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this code with respect to
all of the following, as applicable:
1. Quality.
2. Strength.
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3. Effectiveness.
4. Durability.
5. Safety, other than fire safety.
6. Fire safety.
104.2.2.5 Tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalency in support of an alternative material,
design or method of construction application shall be of a scale that is sufficient to predict
performance of the end use configuration. Tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the
code official.
104.2.2.5.1 Fire tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalent fire safety in support of an
alternative material, design or method of construction application shall be of a scale that is
sufficient to predict fire safety performance of the end use configuration. Tests shall be performed
by a party acceptable to the code official.
104.2.2.6 Reports. Supporting data, where necessary to assist in the approval of materials or
assemblies not specifically provided for in this code, shall comply with Sections 104.2.2.6.1 and
104.2.2.6.2.
104.2.2.6.1 Evaluation reports. Evaluation reports shall be issued by an approved agency and use
of the evaluation report shall require approval by the code official for the installation. The alternate
material, design or method of construction and product evaluated shall be within the scope of the
code official's recognition of the approved agency. Criteria used for the evaluation shall be
identified within the report and, where required, provided to the code official.
104.2.2.6.2 Other reports. Reports not complying with Section 104.2.2.6.1 shall describe criteria,
including but not limited to any referenced testing or analysis, used to determine compliance with
code intent and justify code equivalence. The report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer,
specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code
official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a
registered design professional.
104.2.2.7 РPeer review. The code official is authorized to require submittal of a peer review report
in conjunction with a request to use an alternative material, design or method of construction,
prepared by a peer reviewer that is approved by the code official.
104.2.3 Modifications. Where there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions
of this code, the code official shall have the authority to grant modifications for individual cases,
provided that the code official shall first find that one or more special individual reasons make the
strict letter of this code impractical, that the modification is in conformance with the intent and
purpose of this code, and that such modification does not lessen health, life and fire safety
requirements. The details of the written request and action granting modifications shall be recorded
and entered into the files of the code enforcement agency.
104.3 Applications and permits. The code official is authorized to receive applications, review
construction documents and issue permits for construction regulated by this code, issue permits for
operations regulated by this code, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and
enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.
104.4 Access to Property. For the purpose of inspecting and enforcing the provisions of this code
and the terms and conditions of any permit issued under this code, the code official is authorized to
enter upon private property at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice for the purpose of
determining compliance with this code and to evaluate conditions relative to the permit application.
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104.4.1 Authorization. The owner or occupant of the property having a permit under this code
shall allow the code official access to the property to perform the required inspections. If access is
denied, the code official shall apply to the Court with jurisdiction to seek authority to access the
property.
104.5 Identification. The code official shall carry proper identification when inspecting structures
or premises in the performance of duties under this code.
104.6 Notices and orders. The code official shall issue all necessary notices or orders to ensure
compliance with this code.
104.7 Official records. The code official shall keep official records as required by Sections 104.7.1
through 104.7.5. Such official records shall be retained for not less than 5 years or for as long as the
structure or activity to which such records relate remains in existence, unless otherwise provided by
other regulations.
104.7.1 Аpprovals. A record of approvals shall be maintained by the code official and shall be
available for public inspection during business hours in accordance with applicable laws.
104.7.2 Inspections. The code official shall keep a record of each inspection made, including
notices and orders issued, showing the findings and disposition of each.
104.7.3 Соde alternatives and modifications. Application for alternative materials, design and
methods of construction and equipment in accordance with Section 104.2.2; modifications in
accordance with Section 104.2.3; and documentation of the final decision of the code official for
either shall be in writing and shall be retained in the official records.
104.7.4 Tests. The code official shall keep a record of tests conducted to comply with Sections
104.2.1.4 and 104.2.2.5.
104.7.5 Fees. The code official shall keep a record of fees collected and refunded in accordance
with Section 106.
104.8 Liability. The code official, member of the board of appeals or employee charged with the
enforcement of this code, while acting for the jurisdiction, in good faith and without malice in the
discharge of the duties required by this code or other pertinent law or ordinance, shall not thereby
be rendered personally liable, either civilly or criminally, and is hereby relieved from all personal
liability for any damage accruing to persons or property as a result of an act or by reason of any act
or omission in the discharge of official duties.
104.8.1 Legal defense. Any suit or criminal complaint instituted against any officer or employee
because of an act performed by that officer or employee in the lawful discharge of duties and under
the provisions of this code or other laws or ordinances implemented through the enforcement of this
code shall be defended by legal representatives of the jurisdiction until final termination of the
proceedings. The code official or any subordinate shall not be liable for costs in an action, suit or
proceeding that is instituted in pursuance of the provisions of this code.
104.9 Approved materials and equipment. Materials, equipment and devices approved by the code
official shall be constructed and installed in accordance with such approval.
104.9.1 Materials and equipment reuse. Materials, equipment and devices shall not be reused
unless such elements are in good working order and approved.
104.10 Other agencies. When requested to do so by the code official, other officials of this
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jurisdiction shall assist and cooperate with the code official in the discharge of the duties required
by this code.
SECTION 105—TEMPORARY USES, EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
105.1 General. The code official is authorized to issue a permit for temporary uses, equipment and
systems. Such permits shall be limited as to time of service, but shall not be permitted for more than
180 days. The code official is authorized to grant extensions for demonstrated cause.
105.2 Conformance. Temporary uses, equipment and systems shall conform to the requirements of
this code as necessary to ensure health, safety and general welfare.
105.3 Temporary service utilities. The code official is authorized to give permission to
temporarily supply service utilities.
105.4 Termination of approval. The code official is authorized to terminate such permit for
temporary uses, equipment and systems and to order the same to be discontinued.
SECTION 106—FEES
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
106.1 General. An AIIJ has the authority to establish fees. Fees shall be in accordance with the fee
schedule adopted by Larimer County.
SECTION 107—STOP WORK ORDER
107.1 Authority. Where the code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in
manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the code
official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
a
107.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the
property, the owner's authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop
work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for
the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
107.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a
written notice prior to stopping the work.
107.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with
a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or
unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
The following section is hereby added to read in its entirety as follows:
SECTION 108 - CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
108.1 Site plan. In addition to the requirements for plans in the International Building Code, International
Existing Building Code, and International Residential Code, site plans shall include topography, landscape
and vegetation details, and locations of structures or building envelopes. The code official is authorized to
waive or modify the requirement for a site plan where the application for permit is for alteration or repair or
where otherwise warranted.
108.2 Defensible Space Site Plans. Defensible space site plans shall be prepared and submitted to
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the code official for review and approval as part of the site plans required for a permit. The code
official is authorized to waive or modify the requirement for a defensible space site plan where the
application for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise warranted.
108.3 Other data and substantiation. Where required by the code official, the plans and
specifications shall include classification of fuel loading, fuel model light, medium or heavy, and
substantiating data to verify classification of fire-resistive vegetation.
SECTION 201 GENERAL
Chapter 2 - Definitions
201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this code, have the meanings shown in this chapter.
201.2 Interchangeability. Words stated in the present tense include the future; words stated in the
masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; and the singular number includes the plural and
the plural the singular.
201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not defined in this code and are defined in
other International Codes, such terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them as in those codes.
201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined through the methods authorized by this
section, such terms shall have their ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context implies.
SECTION 202 DEFINITIONS
ACCESSORY STRUCTURE. A building or structure used to shelter or support any material, equipment,
chattel or occupancy other than a habitable building.
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. A structure designed and constructed to house farm implements,
hay, grain, poultry, livestock or other horticultural products. This structure shall not be a place of
human habitation or a place of employment where agricultural products are processed, treated or
packaged, nor shall it be a place used by the public.
APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official.
The following definition is hereby added to read as follows:
AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AHJ). The governmental agency, fire protection
district or other entity charged with adopting, interpreting and administering this code.
BUILDING. Any structure intended for supporting or sheltering any occupancy.
CLASS A TESTS. Class A Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are expected to be effective
against severe fire exposure, afford a high degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip
from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.
CODE OFFICIAL. The official designated by the jurisdiction to interpret and enforce this code,
or the code official's authorized representative.
DEFENSIBLE SPACE. An area either natural or man-made, where material capable of allowing a
fire to spread unchecked has been treated, cleared or modified to slow the rate and intensity of an
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advancing wildfire and to create an area for fire suppression operations to occur.
EMBELLISHMENTS. Elements incorporated in design and construction for ornamental or
decorative purpose that are not integral to the structure or structural support.
FIRE INTENSITY CLASSIFICATION. The level of fire intensity identified for areas where
significant fuel hazards and associated dangerous fire behavior may exist, based upon vegetative
fuels, topography, weather conditions, and flame length value.
FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION. The use of materials and systems in the
design and construction of a building or structure to safeguard against the spread of fire within a
building or structure and the spread of fire to or from buildings or structures to the wildland-urban
interface area.
FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED WOOD. Fire-retardant-treated wood is any wood product that,
when impregnated with chemicals by a pressure process or other means during manufacture, shall
have, when tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723, a listed flame spread index of 25 or
less. The ASTM E84 or UL723 test shall be continued for an additional 20-minute period and the
flame front shall not progress more than 10.5 feet beyond the centerline of the burners at any time
during the test.
FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number,
derived from visual measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a material tested in
accordance with ASTM E84.
FUEL MODIFICATION. A method of modifying fuel load by reducing the amount of nonfire-
resistive vegetation or altering the type of vegetation to reduce the fuel load.
HABITABLE SPACE. A space in a building for living, sleeping, eating or cooking.
HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION. As described in Section 602.4 of the 2024
International Building Code.
HOME IGNITION ZONE. Home Ignition Zone is the home and the area around the home (or
structure). The HIZ takes into account both the potential of the structure to ignite and the quality of
defensible space surrounding it.
IGNITION-RESISTANT BUILDING MATERIAL. A type of building material that resists
ignition or sustained flaming combustion sufficiently so as to reduce losses from wildfire exposure
of burning embers and small flames.
IGNITION-RESISTANT VEGETATION. Plants that are less likely to readily ignite from a
flame or other ignition source and produce fewer embers. While they can still be damaged by fire,
their foliage and stems don't significantly contribute to the intensity of the fire.
LOG WALL CONSTRUCTION. A type of construction in which exterior walls are constructed
of solid wood members and where the smallest horizontal dimension of each solid wood member is
not less than 6 inches. Log wall construction shall follow requirements of ICC 400.
MULTILAYERED GLAZED PANELS. Window or door assemblies that consist of two or more
independently glazed panels installed parallel to each other, having a sealed air gap in between,
within a frame designed to fill completely the window or door opening in which the assembly is
intended to be installed.
NONCOMBUSTIBLE. As applied to building construction material means a material that, in the
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form in which it is used, is either one of the following:
1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when subjected to fire.
2.Any material conforming to ASTM E136 shall be considered noncombustible within the
meaning of this section.
3. For the purposes of this code, fire-rated gypsum board tested in accordance with ASTM C1396
with no less than a 1-hour fire-resistance-rating with fire exposure from the outside only is
considered a noncombustible material.
OCCUPIABLE SPACE. A room or enclosed space designed for human occupancy in which
individuals congregate for amusement, education or similar purposes or in which occupants are
engaged at labor.
ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide weather protection and resistance to design
loads. The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component serving as both
the roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly can include an underlayment, thermal barrier,
ignition barrier, insulation or a vapor retarder.
ROOF COVERING. The covering applied to the roof deck for weather resistance, fire
classification or appearance.
ROOF DECK. The flat or sloped surface not including its supporting members or vertical
supports.
SLOPE. The variation of terrain from the horizontal; the number of feet rise or fall per 100 feet
measured horizontally, expressed as a percentage.
STRUCTURE. That which is built or constructed.
STRUCTURE IGNITION ZONE. Structure Ignition Zone is the structure and the area around the
structure (or home). The SIZ takes into account both the potential of the structure to ignite and the
quality of defensible space surrounding it.
TREE CROWN. The primary and secondary branches growing out from the main stem, together
with twigs and foliage.
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE. That geographical area where structures and other human
development meets or intermingles with wildland or vegetative fuels.
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SECTION 301 GENERAL
Chapter 3 - Wildfire Hazard Identification
301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter provide methodology to establish and record wildfire
hazard based on the findings of fact to be regulated by this code.
301.2 Objective. The objective of this chapter is to provide simple baseline criteria for
determining wildland-urban interface areas based on the wildfire hazard.
SECTION 302 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA DESIGNATIONS
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
302.1 Declaration. The AIJ shall declare the wildland urban interface areas within the jurisdiction-
as defined by this code. The wildland urban interface areas shall be based on the findings of fact.
Because of the history of and potential for large, destructive wildland fires, all of unincorporated
Larimer County is deemed a wildland-urban interface area. Structures and parcels shall be
constructed and maintained in accordance with the provisions for structure hardening of Chapter 4
and site and area requirements of Chapter 5.
SECTION 303 MAPPING AND APPLICABILITY
303.1 Mapping of Wildfire Hazard Areas.
Wildfire Hazard shall be recorded on official maps. These maps identify areas subject to the
provisions of this code and shall be available for public inspection through an accessible online
platform and at designated local government offices.
303.1.1 Map. This map shall be based on a combination of factors including, but not limited to,
vegetative fuels, topography, local weather patterns, and fire behavior modeling data.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
303.1.2 Locally Developed Mapping.
The AHJ may develop and adopt local maps designating wildfire hazard and fire intensity
elassifications-areas within its jurisdictional boundaries-in accordance with Sections 303.1 through
303.3.
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
303.2 Fire Intensity Classification. Fire Intensity Classification shall be identified on the map in
accordance with Section 303.1. Fire Intensity Classification is determined by expected wildfire
behavior, including flame length and suppression difficulty and is separated into three levels:-
low, moderate, and high. The identified fire intensity classification establishes code requirements-
for construction and mitigation.
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
303.2.1 Low Fire Intensity Classification. Low Fire Intensity Classification is identified in areas-
with light to medium surface fuels, such as grasses, shrubs, and seattered
low density vegetation. These fuels are often discontinuous, which limits flame propagation but
ean sustain burning under moderate weather conditions. Fires in this class may occur on gentle to-
moderate slopes, where topography begins to influence the rate of spread. Although flame lengths
remain relatively small, typically less than two feet limited spotting may occur, especially with
wind. Trained firefighters with protective equipment and standard hand tools can usually suppress
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these fires through direet attack, particularly on slopes under 30 percent. Mechanized equipment is
typically unnecessary
Key Characteristics Include:
1. Fuels: Light to medium surface fuels, ineluding grasses, shrubs, and seattered vegetation-
(e.g., WNL, USL fuel types).
2. Flame Length: Less than 2 feet
3. Rate of Spread: Low, increasing with slopes over 20 percent.
4. Spotting: Very short range spoting is possible under windy conditions.
5. Terrain Influence: More active fire behavior on moderate slopes (20 to 30 percent).
6. Suppression Difficulty: Easily suppressed by trained firefighters using basic protective
gear and hand tools. Direct attack is effective, and mechanized support is rarely needed.
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
303.2.2 Moderate Fire Intensity Classification. Moderate Fire Intensity Classification is
identified in areas with moderate to heavy fuel loads, such as dense shrubs, small trees, and
accumulated ground fuels. Fires in this class present continuous horizontal and vertical fuel
arrangements, allowing flames to reach up to 8 feet in length. Fire behavior is notably influenced
by moderate to steep slopes, often accelerating the spread.
Short range spotting becomes more common, complicating suppression efforts. Ground crews-
typically require mechanized support, such as engines and dozers, to establish control lines. Aircraft
assistance may be necessary, particularly in inaccessible terrain. There is a significant increase in the
potential for property damage and risk to life, especially in wildland urban interface areas.
Key Characteristies Inelude:
1. Fuels: Moderate to heavy fuels, including dense shrublands, small trees, timber litter, and-
canopy fuels (e.g., USH, UIIH fuel types).
2. Flame Length: Up to 8 feet.
3. Rate of Spread: Moderate to high, increasing significantly on slopes over 30 percent.
4. Spotting: Short range spotting is common.
5. Terrain Influence: Steep slopes (30 percent or greater) increase fire spread and intensity.
6. Suppression Difficulty: Challenging for ground crews without support from engines,-
dozers, or aircraft. Dozers and plows are generally effective on moderate terrain.
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
303.2.3 High Intensity. High Fire Intensity Classification is identified in areas with heavy,
continuous fuel loads, such as dense forest canopies, thick understory growth, and heavy
dead/downed material. Fires in this class frequently occur on steep slopes, often exceeding 40
percent, where topography dramatically increases the rate of spread and severity. Flame lengths-
can exceed 30 feet, and both short and medium range spotting are common, particularly in windy
conditions. Direet suppression by ground crews is typically ineffective, requiring indireet attack
strategies, such as backburns and aerial retardant drops. Fires in this class pose extreme risk to life,
property, and firefighter safety, especially in rugged or remote areas.
Key Characteristies Include:
1. Fuels: Heavy fuels, including dense forests, urban core areas with heavy fuel loads, and
canopy dominated regions (e.g., WNII, USIH, UCH fuel types).
2. Flame Length: Up to 30 feet or more.
3. Rate of Spread: Rapid, especially on slopes greater than 40 percent.
4. Spotting: Short range spotting is common; medium range spotting is possible under
windy conditions.
5 Terrain Influence: Slopes over 40 percent amplify intensity and spread, creating-
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dangerous conditions for suppression.
6. Suppression Difficulty: Direct attack by ground forces and dozers is generally-
ineffective. Indirect strategies (backburning, aerial support) are often necessary. These fires
present significant danger to life, property, and responder safety.
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
303.3 Applicability of Code Provisions. The requirements of this code shall apply to all parcels-
located within designated Wildfire Hazard Areas and corresponding fire intensity classifications as
identified on the official maps. The level of structure hardening, defensible space, and other
mitigation measures required shall correspond to the applicable fire intensity classification Low,
Moderate, or High as established by the board.
Structures and parcels identified with low fire intensity classification shall be constructed and-
maintained in accordance with the provisions for Class 1 structure hardening and site and area-
requirements.
Structures and parcels identified with moderate to high fire intensity classifications shall be-
constructed and maintained in accordance with the provisions for Class 2 structure hardening and-
site and area requirements.
SECTION 304 GROUND-TRUTHING
304.1 Purpose. This section establishes a process for owners or the owners authorized
representative to request a ground-truthing review of their property's Wildfire Hazard or fire
intensity classification as identified on state or locally adopted maps. The intent is to provide
an opportunity to verify that mapping accurately reflects current, site-specific conditions.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
304.2 Determination of Fire Intensity Classification Wildfire Hazard and Code Requirements.
As determined by the code official, the fire intensity classification Wildfire Hazard Area and
associated requirements shall be based on a review of the vegetative fuels on the parcel and within
300' of the parcel boundary, including but not limited to topography, local weather patterns and fire
behavior modeling data.-and in accordance with the following fire intensity classifications:
304.2.1 Low Fire Intensity Classification in accordance with Section 303.2.t
304.2.2 Мoderate Fire Intensity Classification in accordance with Section 303.22
304.2.3 High Fire Intensity Classification in accordance with Section 303.2.3
This determination shall be made based on existing conditions or conditions that have been
established by a development plan approved by the local jurisdiction. Technical documentation shall
be submitted in support of such request by a qualified wildfire professional and in accordance with
Section 104.2.
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SECTION 401 GENERAL
Chapter 4 - Structure Hardening
401.1 Scope. Exterior design and construction of new buildings and structures within the wildland-urban
interface areas of Colorado shall be constructed in accordance with this chapter.
Exceptions:
1. Buildings of an accessory character classified as Group U occupancy (including agricultural
buildings) of any size located at least 50 feet from a structure containing occupiable or
habitable space.
2. One-story detached accessory, nonhabitable structures, such as tool and storage sheds,
playhouses and similar uses, provided that the floor area does not exceed 120 square feet and
the structure is located greater than or equal to 10 feet from the nearest adjacent occupiable
structure.
3. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior walls of an existing
building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of all exterior walls is affected.
4. The reconstruction, replacement, alteration, or repair of the exterior roof covering of an
existing building, when less than 25 percent of the surface area of the exterior roof covering or
an attachment thereto is affected.
5. Alterations or repairs to the exterior of an existing structure, or an attachment to it,
when less than twenty-five percent of the exterior of the structure is affected by the alteration
or repair.
6. Additions that do not increase the footprint of a structure by more than 500 square feet.
SECTION 402 BUILDING MATERIAL
402.1 Building material. Building materials shall comply with any one of the requirements in
Section 402.2 through 402.4.
402.2 Noncombustible material. Noncombustible material shall comply with the definition
noncombustible materials in Section 202.
402.3 Fire-retardant-treated wood. Fire-retardant-treated wood shall be identified for exterior
use and shall meet the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code.
402.4 Ignition-resistant building material. Material shall be tested on the front and back faces in
accordance with the extended ASTM E84 or UL 723 test, for a total test period of 30 minutes, or
with the ASTM E2768 test. The materials shall bear identification showing the fire test results.
Panel products shall be tested with a ripped or cut longitudinal gap of 1/8 inch. The materials, when
tested in accordance with the test procedures set forth in ASTM E84 or UL 723 for a test period of
30 minutes, or with ASTM E2768, shall comply with Sections 402.4.1 through 402.4.3.3. Materials
or products which melt, drip or delaminate to the extent that the flame front is interrupted are not
permitted.
Exception: Materials composed of a combustible core and a noncombustible exterior covering
made from either aluminum at a minimum 0.019-inch thickness or corrosion-resistant steel at a
minimum 0.0149 inch thickness shall not be required to be tested with a ripped or cut longitudinal
gap.
402.4.1 Flame spread. The material shall exhibit a flame spread index not exceeding 25.
402.4.2 Flame front. The material shall exhibit a flame front that does not progress more than 10
of
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feet 6 inches beyond the centerline of the burner at any time during the test.
402.4.3 Weathering. Ignition-resistant building materials shall maintain their performance in
accordance with this section under conditions of use. The materials shall meet the performance
requirements for weathering (including exposure to temperature, moisture and ultraviolet radiation)
contained in Sections 402.4.3.1 through 402.4.3.3, as applicable to the materials and conditions of
use.
402.4.3.1 Evaluation requirements for weathering. Fire-retardant-treated wood, wood-plastic
composite materials and plastic lumber materials shall be evaluated after weathering in accordance
with Method A "Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire
Testing" in ASTM D2898.
402.4.3.2 Wood-plastic composite materials. Wood-plastic composite materials shall also
demonstrate acceptable fire performance after weathering by the following procedure: first testing
in accordance with ASTM E1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation,
then weathering in accordance with ASTM D7032 and then retesting in accordance with ASTM
E1354 and exhibiting an increase of no more than 10 percent in peak rate of heat release when
compared to the peak heat release rate of the nonweathered material.
402.4.3.3 Plastic lumber materials. Plastic lumber materials shall also demonstrate acceptable fire
performance after weathering by the following procedure: first testing in accordance with ASTM
E1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation, then weathering in
accordance with ASTM D6662 and then retesting in accordance with ASTM E1354 and exhibiting
an increase of no more than 10 percent in peak rate of heat release when compared to the peak heat
release rate of the nonweathered material.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
SECTION 403 CLASS I STRUCTURE HARDENING
403.1 General. Elass-1 Structure hardening shall be in accordance with Sections 403.2 through 403.13
and shall apply to buildings and structures hereafter constructed, modified or relocated into or within areas
of the wildland-urban interface. having a low fire hazard severity. See also Sections 101.6-101.7.
403.2 Roofing. Roofs shall have a roof covering or roof assembly classified as Class A when
tested in accordance with ASTM E108 or UL 790.
403.2.1 Flame and ember protection of roofs. For roof assemblies where the roof covering profile
creates a space between the roof covering and roof deck, the space shall resist the entry of flames
and embers by one or more of the following methods:
1. Firestopping with noncombustible material of the space between the roof covering and the
roof deck.
2. Installation of one layer of cap sheet complying with ASTM D3909 over the combustible
roof deck.
3. Installation of a listed Class A classified roof assembly.
403.2.2 Roof valley flashings. Valley flashings shall be not less than 0.019 inch (No. 26 galvanized
sheet gage) corrosion-resistant metal installed over a minimum 36- inch-wide underlayment
consisting of one layer of cap sheet complying with ASTM D3909 running the full length of the
valley.
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403.3 Gutters and downspouts. Gutters and downspouts shall be constructed of noncombustible material.
403.4 Ventilation Openings. Ventilation openings for enclosed attics, enclosed rafter spaces, and
underfloor spaces shall be in accordance with Section 403.4.1 or Section 403.4.2 as applicable.
403.4.1 Performance Requirements. Ventilation openings shall be fully covered with listed
vents, tested in accordance with ASTM E2886, to demonstrate compliance with all the following
requirements:
1. There shall be no flaming ignition of the cotton material during the Ember Intrusion Test.
2. There shall be no flaming ignition during the Integrity Test portion of the Flame Intrusion
Test.
3. The maximum temperature of the unexposed side of the vent shall not exceed 662°F (350°C).
403.4.2 Prescriptive Requirements. Ventilation openings for enclosed attics, enclosed rafter
spaces, and underfloor spaces shall be covered with noncombustible corrosion-resistant mesh with
openings not to exceed s-inch.
SECTION 404 CLASS 2 STRUCTURE HARDENING
The following section is hereby deleted in its entirety and the subsequent sections renumbered to read as follows:
404.1 General. Class 2 structure hardening shall be in accordance with Sections 404.2 through 404.10.1 as-
well as the provisions of Class 1 structure hardening in Sections 403.2 403.4.2 and shall apply to buildings-
and structures hereafter constructed, modified or relocated into or within areas of the wildland urban
interface having a moderate or high fire hazard severity.
403.5 Protection of eaves. Eaves and soffits shall be protected on the exposed underside by
noncombustible material, ignition-resistant materials, or by materials approved for not less than 1-hour
fire-resistance-rated construction, %-inch Type X drywall, 2-inch nominal dimension lumber, or 1 inch
nominal fire-retardant-treated wood or 34 inch nominal fire-retardant-treated plywood, identified for
exterior use and meeting the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code.
Fascias are required and shall be protected on the backside by noncombustible material, ignition-resistant
materials, or by materials approved for not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction, %-inch Type
X drywall, or 2- inch nominal dimension lumber.
403.6 Exterior Walls. Exterior walls of buildings or structures shall be constructed with one of the
following methods:
1. Exterior wall assemblies with a minimum of 1-hour fire-resistance rating, rated for exposure
on the exterior side.
2. Approved noncombustible materials.
3. Heavy timber or log wall construction.
4. Noncombustible materials complying with Section 402.2 on the exterior side.
5. Fire-retardant treated wood complying with Section 402.3 on the exterior side. The fire-
retardant-treated wood shall be labeled for exterior use and meet the requirements of Section
2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code.
6. Ignition-resistant materials complying with Section 402.4 on the exterior side.
Such material shall extend from the top of the foundation to the underside of the eave or the
underside of the roof sheathing.
Exceptions:
1. Exterior wall embellishments and architectural trim (exclusive of trim on exterior windows
and doors) not to exceed 5 percent of the square footage of the exterior wall.
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2. Roof or wall top cornice projections and similar assemblies.
3. Solid wood rafter tails and solid wood blocking installed between rafters having minimum
dimension 2 inch nominal.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.6.1 Exterior Wall Coverings. Exterior wall coverings shall be limited to the following:
1. Noncombustible materials.
2. Fire-retardant-treated wood.
3. Ignition-resistant building materials.
Exception: Where options 1 or 2 in section 403.6 404.3 are used, vinyl siding may be used as an
exterior covering.
403.6.2 Flashing. A minimum of 6 inches of metal flashing or noncombustible material applied
vertically between the wall sheathing and the exterior cladding shall be installed at the ground,
decking, and roof intersections.
Combustible sheathing products exposed by the gap created at the base of the exterior walls, posts,
or columns must be protected with noncombustible material or ignition-resistant building materials
while still permitting drainage and moisture control from behind exterior cladding.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.7 Underfloor enclosure. Buildings or structures shall have underfloor areas enclosed to the
ground or comply with exterior walls in accordance with Section 403.6 404.3.
403.8 Decking. Unenclosed decks shall have the deck walking surface constructed of one of the
following:
1. Approved noncombustible materials
2. Class A rated material
Exception: Composite decking material with a minimum of Class B rating
3. Fire-retardant-treated wood identified for exterior use and meeting the requirements of
Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International Building Code
4. Ignition-resistant building materials in accordance with Section 402.4.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.9 Appendages and Projections. Appendages and projections shall be constructed in
accordance with Section 403.6 4043.
403.10 Exterior Glazing. Exterior windows, window walls and glazed doors, windows within
exterior doors, and skylights shall be tempered glass, multilayered glazed panels, glass block or
have a fire protection rating of not less than 20 minutes.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.11 Exterior Doors. Exterior doors shall be approved noncombustible construction, solid core
wood not less than 1 34-inches thick, or have a fire protection rating of not less than 20 minutes.
Windows within doors and glazed doors shall be in accordance with Section 403.10 404.7.
Exception: Vehicle access doors.
403.12 Vehicle Access Door Perimeter Gap. Exterior vehicle access doors shall resist the
intrusion of embers from entering by preventing gaps between doors and door openings, at the
head, sill, and jamb of doors from exceeding ½ inch as approved by the AНЈ.
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Gaps between doors and door openings shall be controlled by one of the following methods:
1. Weather-stripping products made of materials that: (a) have been tested for tensile strength in
accordance with ASTM D638 (Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics) after
exposure to ASTM G155 (Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for
Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials) for a period of 2,000 hours, when the maximum allowable
difference in tensile strength values between exposed and non-exposed samples does not exceed
10 percent; and (b) exhibit a V-2 or better flammability rating when tested to UL 94 (Standards
for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances).
2. Door overlaps onto jambs and headers.
3. Garage door jambs and headers covered with metal flashing.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.13 Detached Accessory Structures. Detached accessory structures located less than 50 feet
from a building containing habitable or occupiable space shall have exterior walls constructed in
accordance with Sections 403.6 through 403.6.2 404.3 through 404.3.2.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
403.13.1 Underfloor areas. Where the detached structure is located and constructed so that the
structure or any portion thereof projects over a descending slope surface greater than 10 percent, the
area below the structure shall have underfloor areas enclosed to within 6 inches of the ground, with
exterior wall construction in accordance with Section 403.6 404.3 or underfloor protection in
accordance with Section 403.7 404.4 or with 1s-inch metal corrosion-resistant screen with a
hardened zone within 5 feet.
Exception: The enclosure shall not be required where the underside of exposed floors and exposed
structural columns, beams and supporting walls are protected as required for exterior 1-hour fire-
resistance-rated construction, heavy timber construction, noncombustible materials on the exterior
side, or fire-retardant-treated wood on the exterior side. The fire-retardant-treated wood shall be
labeled for exterior use and meet the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the 2024 International
Building Code.
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Chapter 5 - Site and Area Requirements
SECTION 501 GENERAL
501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to parcels subject to this code.
501.2 Reference. As needed, the code official shall refer to the Home Ignition Zone (HIZ) Guide
as developed by the Colorado State Forest Service.
Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and the HIZ Guide, the provisions of this
code shall govern. The provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the
provisions in the referenced standard.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
SECTION 502 CLASS 4 REQUIREMENTS
502.1 Structure Ignition Zone 1 (0-5 feet): Immediate Zone
502.1.1 Objective. This zone is designed to reduce or eliminate ember ignition and direct flame
contact with the structure, decks, stairs, and attachments.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
502.1.2 Materials. Use noncombustible, hard surface materials in this zone, such as rock, gravel,
sand, concrete, bare earth or stone/concrete pavers.
Exception: Ignition resistant plantings, per an approved list by the AIJ that is not less than that
created by the Colorado State Forest Service, are allowed in the Immediate Zone.
The following section is hereby amended to read as follows:
502.1.3 Plantings. Remove all plantings including shrubs, slash, combustible mulch and other
woody debris, with the exception of ignition resistant vegetation.
502.1.4 Trees. There shall be no planting of new trees in the immediate zone. Mature trees of no
less than 10-inch diameter at 4.5 feet above ground level may be maintained.
Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be pruned to maintain a minimum clearance
of 10 feet.
Prune tree branches to a height of 6-10 feet from the ground or a third of the total height of the tree,
whichever is less.
The following section is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:
502.2 Structure Ignition Zone 2 (5-30 feet) Intermediate Zone
502.2.1 Objective. This zone is designed to give an approaching fire less fuel, which will help
reduce its intensity as it gets nearer to structures.
502.2.2 Dead Materials. Ignition-resistant plantings, per an approved list by the AHJ that is not
less than that created by the Colorado State Forest Service, are allowed in the Intermediate Zone.
Within the fuel modification area, hazardous dead plant material must be removed from live
vegetation.
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502.2.3 Fuels Accumulation. Avoid large accumulations of surface fuels such as logs, branches,
slash and combustible mulch.
502.2.4 Trees. Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be pruned to maintain
a minimum clearance of 10 feet. Prune tree branches to a height of 6-10 feet from the ground or a
third of the total height of the tree, whichever is less.
502.2.4.1 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure ignition
and promote fuel discontinuity to limit fire spread.
502.2.5 Shrubs. Shrub groups within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure ignition. Shrubs
shall be at least 10 feet away from the edge of tree branches.
The following section is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:
502.3 Structure Ignition Zone 3 (30-100 feet) Expanded Zone
502.3.1 Objective. This zone focuses on mitigation that keeps fire on the ground.
502.3.1.1 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced at a minimum of 6-10 feet.
The following section is hereby renumbered to read in its entirety as follows:
502.24 Site Signage
502.24.1 Marking of roads. Approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and
maintained for access roads and driveways to identify such roads and prohibit the obstruction
thereof.
502.24.2 Marking of fire protection equipment. Fire protection equipment and fire hydrants shall
be clearly identified in a manner approved by the code official to prevent obstruction.
502.24.3 Address markers. Buildings shall have a permanently posted address, which shall be
placed at each driveway entrance and be visible from both directions of travel along the road. In all
cases, the address shall be posted at the beginning of construction and shall be maintained
thereafter, and the address shall be visible and legible from the road on which the address is located
in a manner approved by the code official.
The following section is hereby renumbered to read in its entirety as follows:
502.35 Retaining Walls
502.35.1 Retaining Walls. Retaining walls shall be constructed with either noncombustible or
ignition-resistant materials when any of the following conditions exist:
1. The retaining wall is within 8 feet of a structure regulated by this code or up to the property
line when the property line is less than 8 feet away from the structure.
2. The retaining wall is integral to the support of a structure regulated by this code.
3. The retaining wall is integral to the egress from a structure regulated by this code to a public
way, easement, or private road.
The following section is hereby renumbered to read in its entirety as follows:
502.46 Fencing
502.46.1 Fencing. Fencing within 8 feet of a structure regulated by this code or up to the property
line when the property line is less than 8 feet away from the structure shall be constructed with
noncombustible or ignition-resistant materials.
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Exception: Vinyl fencing.-Vinyl fencing may be allowed.
The fellowing section is hereby deleted in its entirety:
SECTION 503 CLASS 2 REQUIREMENTS
503.1 General. Class 2 site and area requirements shall be in accordance with Sections 503.2
through 503.3.2 and include all requirements of Class 1 in Sections 502.1 through 502.4.
503.2 Structure Ignition Zone 2 (5-30 feet) Intermediate Zone
503.2.1 Objective. This zone is designed to give an approaching fire less fuel, which will help
reduce its intensity as it gets nearer to structures.
503.2.2 Dead Materials. Within the fuel modification area, hazardous dead plant material must be
removed from live vegetation.
503.2.3 Fuels Accumulation. Avoid large accumulations of surface fuels such as logs, branches.
slash and combustible mulch
503.2.4 Trees. Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet of any structure shall be pruned to maintain-
a minimum clearance of 10 feet. Prune tree branches to a height of 6 10 feet from the ground or a
third of the total height of the tree, whichever is less.
503.2.4.1 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure ignition
and promote fuel discontinuity to limit fire spread.
503.2.5 Shrubs. Shrub groups within this zone shall be spaced to prevent structure ignition. Shrubs-
shall be at least 10 feet away from the edge of tree branches.
-503.3 Structure Ignition Zone 3 (30–100 feet) Expanded Zone
503.3.1 Objective. This zone focuses on mitigation that keeps fire on the ground.
503.3.2 Tree Spacing. Tree crowns within this zone shall be spaced at a minimum of 6 10 feet.
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The following appendix is hereby deleted in its entirety:
Appendix A: PERMITS
A101.1 General. Where not otherwise provided in the requirements of the International Building
Code or International Fire Code, permits are required in accordance with Sections A101.2 through-
A1019
A101.2 Permits required. Unless otherwise exempted, buildings or structures regulated by this-
code shall not be erected, constructed, altered, repaired, moved, converted, changed, or changed in-
use or occupaney unless a separate permit for each building or structure has first been obtained
from the code official.
For buildings or structures erected for temporary uses, see Section 105.
A101.3 Permit application. To obtain a permit, the applicant shall first file an application therefor-
in writing on a form furnished by the code enforcement ageney for that purpose. Every such-
application shall:
1.Identify and describe the work, activity, operation, practice or function to be covered by the-
permit for which application is made.
2. Describe the land on which the proposed work, activity, operation, practice or function is to
be done by legal description, street address or similar description that will readily identify and
definitely locate the proposed building, work, activity, operation, practice or function.
3. Indicate the use or occupancey for which the proposed work, activity, operation, practice or-
function is intended
4. Вe accompanied by plans, diagrams, computation and specifications and other data as-
required in Appendix В.
5 State the valuation of any new building or structure or any addition, remodeling or alteration
to an existing building
6. Be signed by the applicant or the applicant's authorized agent.
7. Give such other data and information as required by the code official.
A101.3.1 Preliminary inspection. Before a permit is issued, the code official is authorized to
inspect and approve the systems, equipment, buildings, devices, premises and spaces or areas to be-
used
A101.3.2 Time limitation of application. An application for a permit for any proposed work shall-
be deemed to have been abandoned 180 days after the date of filing, unless such application has-
been pursued in good faith or a permit has been issued; except that the code official is authorized to-
grant one or more extensions of time for additional periods not exceeding 180 days each. The
extension shall be requested in writing and justifiable cause demonstrated.
A101.4 Permit approval. Before a permit is issued, the code official, or an authorized
representative, shall review and approve permitted uses, occupancies or structures. Where laws or
regulations are enforceable by other agencies or departments, a joint approval shall be obtained
from agencies or departments concerned.
A101.5 Permit issuance. The application, plans, specifications and other data filed by an applicant
for a permit shall be reviewed by the code official. If the code official finds that the work described-
in an application for a permit and the plan, specifications and other data filed therewith conform to-
the requirements of this code, the code official is allowed to issue a permit to the applicant.
When the code official issues the permit, the code official shall endorse in writing or stamp the-
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plans and specifications APPROVED. Such approved plans and specifications shall not be changed,-
modified or altered without authorization from the code official, and work regulated by this code-
shall be done in accordance with the approved plans.
A101.5.1 Refusal to issue a permit. Where the application or construction documents do not-
conform to the requirements of pertinent laws, the code official shall reject such application in
writing, stating the reasons therefor.
A101.6 Validity of permit. The issuance or granting of a permit or approval of plans,
specifications and computations shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an approval of, any
violation of any of the provisions of this code or of any other ordinance of the jurisdiction. Permits-
presuming to give authority to violate or conceal the provisions of this code or other ordinances of
the jurisdiction shall not be valid.
A101.7 Expiration. Every permit issued by the code official under the provisions of this code shall
expire by limitation and become null and void if the building, use or work authorized by such
permit is not commenced within 180 days from the date of such permit,or if the building, use or
work authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned at any time after the work is
commenced for a period of 180 days.
Any permittee holding an unexpired permit is allowed to apply for an extension of the time within
which work is allowed to commence under that permit where the permittee is unable to commence-
work within the time required by this section for good and satisfactory reasons. The code official is
authorized to extend the time for action by the permittee for a period not exceeding 180 days on-
written request by the permittee showing that cireumstances beyond the control of the permittee-
have prevented action from being taken. Permits shall not be extended more than once.
A101.8 Retention of permits. Permits shall at all times be kept on the premises designated therein-
and shall at all times be subject to inspection by the code official or other authorized representative.
A101.9 Revocation of permits. Permits issued under this code can be suspended or revoked where-
it is determined by the code official that:
1. It is used by a person other than the person to whom the permit was issued.
2. It is used for a location other than that for which the permit was issued.
3. Any of the conditions or limitations set forth in the permit have been violated.
4. The permittee fails, refuses or neglects to comply with any order or notice duly served on-
him or her under the provisions of this code within the time provided therein.
5. There has been any false statement or misrepresentation as to material fact in the application
or plans on which the permit or application was made.
6. The permit is issued in error or in violation of any other ordinance, regulations or provisions-
of this code.
The code official is allowed to, in writing, suspend or revoke a permit issued under the provisions-
of this code whenever the permit is issued in error or on the basis of incorrect information supplied,-
or in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of this code.
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The following appendix is hereby deleted in its entirety:
Appendix B: CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
B101.1 General. Plans, engineering calculations, diagrams and other data shall be submitted in the
format as required by the jurisdiction. The construction documents shall be prepared and submitted-
where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed. Where-
special conditions exist, the code official is authorized to require additional documentation.
Exception: Submission of plans, calculations, construction inspection requirements and other data,-
if it is found that the nature of the work applied for is such that reviewing of plans is not necessary
to obtain compliance with this code:
B101.2 Information on plans and specificntions. Plans and specifications shall be drawn to scale-
on substantial paper or cloth and shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and-
extent of the work proposed, and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code
and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations.
B101.3 Site plan. In addition to the requirements for plans in the International Building Code, site
plans shall include topography, landscape and vegetation details and locations of structures or
building envelopes. The code official is authorized to waive or modify the requirement for a site-
plan where the application for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise warranted.
Identify the fire intensity classification.
B101.3.1 Defensible Space Site Plans. Defensible space site plans shall be prepared and submitted-
to the code official for review and approval as part of the site plans required for a permit. The code-
official is authorized to waive or modify the requirement for a defensible space site plan where the
application for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise warranted.
B101.5 Other data and substantiation. Where required by the code official, the plans and
specifications shall include classification of fuel loading, fuel model light, medium or heavy, and
substantiating data to verify classification of fire resistive vegetation.
B101.6 Retention of plans. One set of approved plans, specifications and computations shall be-
retained by the code official for a period of not less than 180 days from date of completion of the
permitted work or as required by state or local Haws.
B101.7 Examination of documents. The code official shall examine or cause to be examined the-
accompanying construction documents and shall ascertain by such examinations whether the
construction indicated and deseribed is in accordance with the requirements of this code and other-
pertinent laws or ordinances.
B101.8 Amended construction documents. Work shall be installed in accordance with the approved
construction documents, and changes made during construction that are not in compliance with the
approved documents shall be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of construction documents.
B101.9 Previous approvals. This code shall not require changes in the construction documents,-
construction or designated occupaney of a structure for which a lawful permit has been heretofore-
issued or otherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction of which has been pursued in good-
faith within 180 days after the effective date of this code and has not been abandoned.
B101.10 Phased approval. The code official is authorized to issue a permit for the construction of
foundations or any other part of a building or structure before the construction documents for the-
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whole building or structure have been submitted, provided that adequate information and detailed-
statements have been filed complying with pertinent requirements of this code. The holder of such-
permit for the foundation or other parts of a building or structure shall proceed at the holder's own-
risk with the building operation and without assurance that a permit for the entire structure will be
granted.
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The following appendix is hereby deleted in its entirety:
Appendix C: INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT
C101.1 Inspection. Inspections shall be in accordance with Sections C101.1.1 through C101.1.4.3.
C101.1.1 General. Construction or work for which a permit is required by this code shall be-
subject to inspection by the code official and such construction or work shall remain visible and-
able to be accessed for inspection purposes until approved by the code official.
It shall be the duty of the permit applicant to cause the work to remain visible and able to be-
accessed for inspection purposes. Neither the code official nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for-
expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any material required to allow inspection.
Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a violation of the
provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to give-
authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction
shall not be valid
Where required by the code official, a survey of the lot shall be provided to verify that the
mitigation features are provided and the building or structure is located in accordance with the
approved plans.
C101.1.2 Authority to inspect. The code official shall inspect, as often as necessary, buildings and-
premises, ineluding such other hazards or appliances designated by the code official for the purpose
of ascertaining and causing to be corrected any conditions that could reasonably be expected to-
cause fire or contribute to its spread, or any violation of the purpose of this code and of any other-
law or standard affecting fire safety.
C101.1.2.1 Approved inspection ngencies. The code official is authorized to accept reports of
approved inspection agencies, provided that such agencies satisfy the requirements as to
qualifications and reliability.
C101.1.2.2 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or their duly
authorized agent to notify the code official when work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of
the permit holder to provide access to and means for inspections of such work that are required by-
this code
C101.1.2.3 Approval required. Work shall not be done beyond the point indicated in each
successive inspection without first obtaining the approval of the code official. The code official,
upon notification, shall make the requested inspections and shall either indicate the portion of the-
construction that is satisfactory as completed, or notify the permit holder or his or her agent wherein-
the same fails to comply with this code. Any portions that do not comply shall be corrected and-
such portion shall not be covered or concealed until authorized by the code official.
€101.1.3 Reinspections. To determine compliance with this code, the code official can cause a-
structure to be reinspected. A fee can be assessed for each inspection or reinspection where work-
for which inspection is called is not complete or where corrections called for are not made.
Reinspection fees can be assessed where the approved plans are not readily available to the
inspector, for failure to provide access on the date for which inspection is requested or for deviating-
from plans requiring the approval of the code official.
To obtain a reinspection, the applicant shall pay the reinspection fee as set forth in the fee schedule-
adopted by the jurisdiction. Where reinspection fees have been assessed, additional inspection of
the work will not be performed until the required fees have been paid.
C101.1.4 Testing. Installations shall be tested as required in this code and in accordance with
Sections C101.1.4.1 through C101.1.4.3. Tests shall be made by the permit holder or authorized
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agent and observed by the code official.
C101.1.41 New, altered, extended or repaired installations. New installations and parts of
existing installations that have been altered, extended, renovated or repaired, shall be tested as-
prescribed herein to disclose defects.
С101.1.4.2 Apparatus, instruments, material and labor for tests. Apparatus, instruments,
material and labor required for testing an installation or part thereof shall be furnished by the permit
holder or authorized agent.
C101.1.4.3 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or installation does not pass an initial test-
or inspection, the necessary corrections shall be made so as to achieve compliance with this code.-
The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to the code official for inspection and testing
C101.2 Enforcement. Enforcement shall be in accordance with Sections C10121 and C10122
C101.2.1 Authorization to issue corrective orders and notices. Where the code official finds any-
building or premises that are in violation of this code, the code official is authorized to issue
corrective orders and notices
C101.2.2 Service of orders and notices. Orders and notices authorized or required by this code
shall be given or served on the owner, the owner's authorized agent, operator, occupant or other-
person responsible for the condition or violation either by verbal notification, personal service, or-
delivering the same to, and leaving it with, a person of suitable age and discretion on the premises:-
or, if such person is not found on the premises, by affixing a copy thereof in a conspicuous place on
the door to the entrance of said premises and by mailing a copy thereof to such person by registered
or certified mail to the person's last known address. Orders or notices that are given verbally shall-
be confirmed by service in writing as herein provided.
C101.3 Compliance with orders and notices. Compliance with orders and notices shall be in
accordance with Sections C101.3.1 through C101.3.8.
C101.3.1 Ceneral compliance. Orders and notices issued or served as provided by this code shall-
be complied with by the owner, the owner's authorized agent, operator, occupant or other person-
responsible for the condition or violation to which the corrective order or notice pertains.
If the building or premises is not occupied, then such corrective orders or notices shall be complied
with by the owner or the owner's authorized agent.
C101.3.2 Compliance with tags. building or premises shall not be used when in violation of this
code as noted on a tag affixed in accordance with Section C101.3+
€101.3.3 Removal and destruction of signs and tags. A sign or tag posted or affixed by the code-
official shall not be mutilated, destroyed or removed without authorization by the code official.
C101.3.4 Citations. Persons operating or maintaining an occupaney or premises subject to this
code who allow a hazard to exist or fail to take immediate action to abate a hazard on such
occupaney, premises or vehicle when ordered or notified to do so by the code official shall be guilty
of a misdemeanor.
C101.3.5 Unsafe conditions. Buildings, structures or premises that constitute a fire hazard or are-
otherwise dangerous to human life, or that in relation to existing use constitute a hazard to safety or-
health or public welfare, by reason of inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, fire
hazard, disaster damage or abandonment as specified in this code or any other ordinance, are unsafe
conditions. Unsafe buildings or structures shall not be used. Unsafe buildings are hereby declared to-
be public nuisances and shall be abated by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or removal, pursuant to-
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applicable state and local laws and codes.
€101.3,5.1 Record. The code official shall cause a report to be filed on an unsafe condition. The-
report shall state the occupancy of the structure and the nature of the unsafe condition.
€101.3.5.2 Notice. Where an unsafe condition is found, the code official shall serve on the owner,-
owner's authorized agent or person in control of the building, structure or premises, a written notice-
that describes the condition deemed unsafe and specifies the required repairs or improvements to be-
made to abate the unsafe condition, or requires the unsafe structure to be demolished. Such notice-
shall require the person thus notified, or their designee, to declare to the code official withina-
stipulated time, acceptance or rejection of the terms of the order.
С101.3.5.2.1 Method of service. Such notice shall be deemed properly served where a copy thereof
is served by one of the following methods:
1. Delivered to the owner or the owner's authorized agent personally.
2. Sent by certified or registered mail addressed to the owner or the owner's authorized agent at the
last known address with a return receipt requested.
3. Delivered in any other manner as prescribed by local law
Where the certified or registered letter is returned showing that the letter was not delivered, a copy
thereof shall be posted in a conspicuous place in or about the structure affected by such notice.-
Service of such notice in the foregoing manner on the owner's authorized agent or on the person
responsible for the structure shall constitute service of notice on the owner.
C101.3.5.3 Placarding. Upon failure of the owner, the owner's authorized agent or the person
responsible to comply with the notice provisions within the time given, the code official shall post
on the premises or on defective equipment a placard bearing the word "UNSAFE” and a statement-
of the penalties provided for occupying the premises, operating the equipment or removing the
placard.
€101.3.5.3.1 Placard removal. The code official shall remove the unsafe condition placard
whenever the defect or defects on which the unsafe condition and placarding action were based
have been eliminated. Any person who defaces or removes an unsafe condition placard without the-
approval of the code official shall be subject to the penalties provided by this code.
С101.3.5.4 Abatement. The owner, the owner's authorized agent, operator or occupant of a
building, structure or premises deemed unsafe by the code official shall abate, correct or cause to be
abated or corrected such unsafe conditions either by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or other
approved corrective action.
€101.3.5.5 Summary abatement. Where conditions exist that are deemed hazardous to life and-
property, the code official is authorized to abate or correct summarily such hazardous conditions
that are in violation of this code.
€101.3.5.6 Evacuation. The code official shall be authorized to order the immediate evacuation of
any occupied building, structure or premises deemed unsafe where such hazardous conditions exist-
that present imminent danger to the occupants. Persons so notified shall immediately leave the
structure or premises and shall not enter or reenter until authorized to do so by the code official.
С101.3.6 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not complied with promptly, the
code official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate-
proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation, or to require the removal
or termination of the unlawful occupaney of the building or structure in violation of the provisions-
of this code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.
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C101.3.7 Violation penalties. An AHJ has the authority to establish fees.
C101.3.8 Abatement of violation. In addition to the imposition of the penalties herein described,-
the code official is authorized to institute appropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to
restrain, correct or abate a violation; or to prevent illegal occupancy of a structure or premises; or to
stop an illegal act, conduct of business or occupaney of a structure on or about any premises.