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HomeMy WebLinkAboutREPORT Soil 920 Big Thompson Ave 2020-02-14REPORT COVER PAGE Geotechnical Engineering Report __________________________________________________________________________ OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 Terracon Project No. 22195040 Prepared for: Our Lady of the Mountains Catholic Church Estes Park, Colorado Prepared by: Terracon Consultants, Inc. 1831 Lefthand Circle, Suite C Longmont, Colorado 80501 Terracon Consultants, Inc. 1831 Lefthand Circle, Suite C Longmont, Colorado 80501 P (303) 776 3921 F (303) 776 4041 terracon.com REPORT COVER LETTER TO SIGN February 14, 2020 Our Lady of the Mountains Catholic Church 920 Big Thompson Avenue Estes Park, Colorado 80517 Attn: Mr. Shawn Swisher – Business Manager P:(970) 586 8111 E:shawn@olmestes.org Re: Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition 920 Big Thompson Avenue Estes Park, Colorado Terracon Project No. 22195040 Mr. Swisher: We have completed the Geotechnical Engineering services for the project referenced above. This study was performed in general accordance with Terracon Proposal No. P22195040 dated January 2, 2020. This report presents the findings of the subsurface exploration and provides geotechnical recommendations concerning earthwork and the design and construction of foundations, floor slabs and other earth-connected aspects for the proposed project. We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to you on this project. If you have any questions concerning this report, or if we may be of further service, please contact us. Sincerely, Terracon Consultants, Inc. Eric S. Willis, P.E.Eric D. Bernhardt, P.E. Senior Project Manager/Engineer Geotechnical Department Manager 2/14/2020 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable REPORT TOPICS REPORT TOPICS REPORT SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... i INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 SITE CONDITIONS ......................................................................................................... 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................. 2 GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION ...................................................................... 3 GEOTECHNICAL OVERVIEW ....................................................................................... 5 EARTHWORK................................................................................................................. 6 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS ......................................................................................... 12 SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................................... 17 FLOOR SLABS............................................................................................................. 17 RETAINING WALLS AND BELOW GRADE CONSTRUCTION .................................. 19 ADDITIONAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS .......................... 22 GENERAL COMMENTS ............................................................................................... 23 Note: This report was originally delivered in a web-based format.Orange Bold text in the report indicates a referenced section heading. The PDF version also includes hyperlinks which direct the reader to that section and clicking on the logo will bring you back to this page. For more interactive features, please view your project online at client.terracon.com. ATTACHMENTS EXPLORATION AND TESTING PROCEDURES SITE LOCATION AND EXPLORATION PLANS EXPLORATION RESULTS (Boring Logs and Laboratory Data) SUPPORTING INFORMATION (General Notes, Unified Soil Classification System and Description of Rock Properties Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable i REPORT SUMMARY Topic 1 Overview Statement 2 Geotechnical Characterization Subsurface conditions encountered in the area of the rectory building consisted of about 1½ to 2 feet of silty sand overlying metamorphic bedrock. Subsurface conditions in the boring drilled in the kitchen addition area consisted of about 6½ feet of existing sand fill overlying bedrock. No groundwater was observed in the test borings during or shortly after completion of drilling to the depths explored. Geotechnical Overview Based on geotechnical conditions encountered in our test borings, the site appears suitable for the proposed construction from a geotechnical point of view provided certain precautions and design and construction recommendations presented in the report are followed. We have identified several geotechnical conditions that could impact design, construction and performance of the structures and other site improvements. These include existing fill (believed to be undocumented fill) in the kitchen addition area and difficult excavation of the bedrock in the area of the proposed rectory building. These conditions will require particular attention in project planning, design and during construction and are discussed in greater detail in the report. Shallow Foundations Based on the field exploration and laboratory test results and the type of construction planned, it is our opinion the proposed rectory building can be supported on shallow spread footings bearing on undisturbed bedrock. Approximately 6½ feet of existing sand fill (undocumented fill) was encountered in the boring drilled in the area of the kitchen addition. Existing fill should not be relied upon for foundation support and should be re-worked (over-excavated down to native soil/bedrock, moisture conditioned and recompacted) or replaced with approved import materials prior to foundation construction. Following the prescribed corrective work, we believe the kitchen addition can be supported on spread footings bearing on properly compacted engineered fill. Floor Slabs Based on our boring data, we anticipate non-expansive bedrock or possibly native silty sand and/or properly compacted engineered fill will support the basement/garage floor slab in the rectory building. These conditions are considered suitable for support of conventional concrete slabs-on-grade. Existing fill was encountered in the boring drilled in the area of the kitchen addition. The fill will present a risk of settlement of floor slabs. To reduce risk of movement, we recommend the existing fill be removed down to native soil/bedrock and reworked or replaced prior to slab construction. Partial over-excavation and recompaction/replacement of the fill below the slab could be considered provided additional risk is acceptable. Another option to mitigate the impact of existing fill on floor slab construction would be the use of a suspended floor (crawl space) supported independent of the ground. Earthwork Difficult excavation of the bedrock should be anticipated on this site. Excavation into bedrock will likely require the use of large rippers, pneumatic hammers or other Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable ii Topic 1 Overview Statement 2 specialized heavy-duty rock excavation equipment in order to advance excavations. Drilling and blasting (if allowed) may also be required to advance excavations into the bedrock. On-site soils, properly processed bedrock materials or low volume change import materials approved by Terracon can be used as fill/backfill material on the site provided they are placed and compacted as described in the report. Bedrock materials should be broken down and processed to a “soil-like” consistency. The earthwork contractor should expect significant mechanical processing of the bedrock materials will be needed to meet these requirements. Surface drainage should be designed, constructed and maintained to provide rapid removal of surface water runoff away from the proposed structures. Water should not be allowed to pond adjacent to foundations or other site improvements and conservative irrigation practices should be followed to avoid wetting of the subsurface materials. Basement Construction We understand the rectory building will be constructed with a walk-out level directed to the south and west. Based on subsurface conditions encountered in our borings, we believe basement construction can be used provided a perimeter drainage system is installed. 1.If the reader is reviewing this report as a pdf, the topics above can be used to access the appropriate section of the report by simply clicking on the topic itself. 2.This summary is for convenience only. It should be used in conjunction with the entire report for decision making and design purposes. The section titled General Comments should be read for an understanding of the limitations of this geotechnical engineering report. 3.Close monitoring of the construction operations and implementing drainage recommendations discussed in this report will be important in achieving the intended foundation and slab performance. We therefore recommend Terracon be retained to monitor this portion of the work. Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 1 INTRODUCTION Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition 920 Big Thompson Avenue Estes Park, Colorado Terracon Project No. 22195040 February 14, 2020 INTRODUCTION A geotechnical engineering report has been completed for the proposed rectory building and kitchen addition to be located at 920 Big Thompson Avenue in Estes Park, Colorado. Two (2) borings, designated TB-1 and TB-2 were performed in the area of the proposed rectory building and one (1) boring, designated TB-3 was completed in the area of the kitchen addition. Borings were drilled to depths of about 13 to 20 feet below existing ground surface. Maps showing the site and boring locations are shown in the Site Location and Exploration Plan sections, respectively. Boring logs and laboratory testing data are included in the Exploration Results section of this report. The purpose of these services is to provide information and geotechnical engineering recommendations relative to: ■Subsurface soil/bedrock conditions ■Floor slab design and construction ■Groundwater conditions ■Retaining walls ■Site preparation and earthwork ■Basement construction ■Foundation design and construction ■Surface drainage considerations ■Seismic site classification The recommendations contained in this report are based on the results of field and laboratory testing, engineering analyses, experience with similar soil/bedrock conditions and structures, and our understanding of the proposed project. SITE CONDITIONS The following description of site conditions is derived from our site visits in association with the field exploration and our review of publicly available geologic and topographic maps. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 2 Item Description Location The project is located at 920 Big Thompson Avenue in Estes Park, Colorado. Specifically, the kitchen addition will be located at the southeast corner of the existing church building, while the rectory building will be sited approximately 250 feet to the south and west of the church. The general location of the project site is 40.3816° N 105.5082° W. See Site Location Existing Improvements/Existing Site features The project site consists of a developed church property in Estes Park, Colorado. Big Thompson Avenue/HWY 34 borders the north side of the site, while Vista Lane and Hillside Lane form the west and east boundaries of the property, respectively. In general, residential and/or commercial/retail development surrounds the project area. The property is currently occupied by the existing Our Lady of the Mountains Catholic Church facility. In general, the building is surrounded by existing landscape features, concrete flatwork and asphalt paved parking areas and drive lanes. The church building is a single to two-story structure with an apparent walkout basement directed to the south. We assume the existing church building is supported on spread footing foundations. Current Ground Cover The ground surface in the area of the proposed rectory building is covered mostly with native weeds/grass along with scattered evergreen trees and shrubs. Rock outcrops were noted in the generally vicinity of test boring TB- 1. The ground surface in the area of the kitchen addition is covered with weeds/grass, minor landscape features and concrete flatwork. Existing Topography Review of the topographic map provided indicates the ground surface in the area of the proposed rectory building slopes moderately down to the south. We measured a difference in elevation of about 12 feet across the location of the borings drilled in the rectory building. Surface slopes in this area are estimated to be on the order of about 5H:1V (horizontal to vertical), or less. The area of the proposed kitchen addition is relatively level with a gentle slope down to the south. In addition, an embankment fill slope is located to the south of the kitchen addition and is estimated to be about 8 to 10 feet high. The slope is estimated to be on the order of about 2H:1V (horizontal to vertical), or steeper. Water Features Water features were not observed on or immediately adjacent to the project site. However, the Big Thompson River and Estes Lake are located about 750 to 1,000 feet to the south and are situated topographically down-gradient. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Our initial understanding of the project was provided in our proposal and was discussed in the project planning stage. A period of time/collaboration has transpired since the project was initiated, and our final understanding of the project conditions is as follows: Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 3 Item Description Project Description The project will include design and construction of a new rectory building along with a small kitchen addition. The rectory building will have a footprint of about 2,600 square feet, while the kitchen addition will include about 900 square feet. The rectory building will be single-story with a walkout basement level. We understand the garage and mechanical room will be at the same level as the basement. The balance of the rectory building footprint (northwest corner) will include a crawl space. The kitchen addition will be single-story with a slab- on-grade floor. Building Construction Information provided indicates both of the structures will consist of wood- frame construction with some type of architectural veneer supported on reinforced concrete foundation systems. We expect conventional concrete slabs-on-grade are preferred for the interior floors, if subsurface conditions permit. Foundation/Floor Loads Foundation loads were not available at the time of the report. However, considering the size and type of construction, we anticipate comparatively light foundation loads. Based on our experience with similar projects, we assume the following loads: ■Column/Point Loads: 30 to 60 kips (assumed) ■Wall/Line Loads: 1½ to 4 klf (assumed) ■Slab-On-Grade Floors: 150 psf maximum (assumed) Grading Final grading plans were not available at the time of the report. However, we anticipate some site grading in the area of the new rectory building will be needed for surface drainage and other development considerations. Cut and Fill Slopes Assumed to be no steeper than 3H:1V (Horizontal to Vertical). Below Grade Areas/Retaining Walls Partial basement in rectory building. We anticipate maximum basement excavation depths up to about 10 to 12 feet may be required. Short retaining walls may also be constructed to the west of the proposed rectory building. Preliminary information indicates the walls will be on the order of about 2 to 4 feet tall. GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION Subsurface Profile The geotechnical characterization as described in the table and sections below forms the basis of our geotechnical calculations and evaluation of site preparation, foundation and floor slab construction. As noted in General Comments, the characterization is based upon widely spaced exploration points across the site, and variations are always possible. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 4 Subsurface conditions at the boring locations can be generalized as follows: Approximate Depth to Bottom of Stratum Material Encountered Consistency or Relative Density/ Hardness General Engineering Properties About 4 inches in borings TB-1 and 2 Vegetative soil layer N/A N/A About 1½ to 2 feet in borings TB-1 and 2 Silty sand, trace gravel Not determined Non-plastic, judged to be non- expansive About 6½ feet in boring TB-3 Existing Fill; Silty, clayey sand with gravel Loose Low plasticity, non-expansive, low collapse potential, low to moderate compressibility Extended to bottom of all borings Biotite Schist (Metamorphic Bedrock) Weathered to very hard Judged to be essentially non- expansive, moderate to high load bearing capacity Note: Test boring TB-1 (drilled in the area of the rectory building) encountered practical auger refusal on very hard bedrock at a depth of about 13 feet below ground surface. Conditions encountered at each boring location are indicated on the individual boring logs shown in the Exploration Results section and are attached to this report. Stratification boundaries on the boring logs represent the approximate location of changes in soil/bedrock types; in situ, the transition between materials may be gradual. Groundwater Conditions The boreholes were observed while drilling and shortly after completion for the presence and level of groundwater. In the interest of safety, the borings were backfilled prior to leaving the site and therefore delayed groundwater measurements were not obtained. The water levels observed in the boreholes can be found on the boring logs in Exploration Results and are summarized below. Boring Number Approximate Depth to Groundwater During Drilling (feet)1 Approximate Depth to Groundwater ¼ to 3 Hours After Drilling (feet)1 TB-1 None encountered Dry cave-in at 12 TB-2 None encountered Dry cave-in at 18½ TB-3 None encountered Dry at 19 1.Below ground surface These observations represent short-term groundwater conditions at the time of and shortly after the field exploration, and may not be indicative of other times, or at other locations. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 5 Zones of perched and/or trapped groundwater may occur at times in the subsurface soils overlying bedrock, on top of the bedrock surface or within permeable fractures in the bedrock materials. The location and amount of perched water is dependent upon several factors, including hydrologic conditions, type of site development, irrigation demands on or adjacent to the site, fluctuations in nearby water features, seasonal and weather conditions. The possibility of development of perched water should be considered when developing the design and construction plans for the project, particularly where below-grade/basement construction is planned. GEOTECHNICAL OVERVIEW Based on geotechnical conditions encountered in our test borings, the site appears suitable for the proposed construction from a geotechnical point of view provided certain precautions and design and construction recommendations presented in this report are followed. We have identified several geotechnical conditions that could impact design, construction and performance of the structures and other site improvements. These include existing fill (believed to be undocumented fill) in the area of the kitchen addition and difficult excavation of the bedrock in the area of the proposed rectory building. These conditions will require particular attention in project planning, design and during construction and are discussed in greater detail in the following sections. Existing Fill Approximately 6½ feet of existing fill was encountered in the test boring (TB-3) drilled in the area of the kitchen addition. Based on visual observation and existing topography, we anticipate fill depths will likely decrease to the north and increase to the south. We are not aware whether the existing fill was placed under the observation and testing of a geotechnical engineer. Therefore, we consider the fill to be undocumented. Undocumented fill can present a greater than normal risk of post-construction movement and distress to shallow foundations, floor slabs and other at-grade improvements supported on or above these materials. Consequently, it is our opinion the existing fill should not be relied upon for support and should be re-worked (removed down to native soil/bedrock, moisture conditioned and recompacted) or replaced with approved import materials prior to foundation and floor slab construction. Difficult Excavation Metamorphic bedrock (Biotite Schist) is present at shallow depth (about 1½ to 2 feet below ground surface) in the area of the proposed rectory building. In addition, resistant rock outcrops were noted in the generally vicinity of test boring TB-1 located on the uphill side of the proposed rectory. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 6 With the exception of the upper part of the bedrock, penetration resistance measurements taken in the bedrock were typically 2 inches or less by 50 blows from a 140-pound hammer falling 30 inches. In addition, practical auger refusal was encountered in boring TB-1 at a depth of about 13½ feet below the existing ground surface. Excavation into bedrock is anticipated to be difficult and will require the use of large rippers, pneumatic hammers or other specialized heavy-duty rock excavation equipment in order to advance excavations. Drilling and blasting (if allowed) may also be required to advance excavations into the bedrock. The means and methods for rock excavation should be evaluated and determined by the excavation contractor. Consideration should be given to obtaining a unit price for difficult excavation in the contract documents for the project. Furthermore, we recommend a contingency be provided in the construction budget for difficult excavation. EARTHWORK The following presents recommendations for site preparation, excavation, subgrade preparation and placement of engineered fills on the project. Recommendations include critical quality criteria as necessary to render the site in the state considered in our geotechnical engineering evaluation for foundations and floor slabs. Earthwork on the project should be observed and evaluated by Terracon. The evaluation of earthwork should include observation and testing of existing fill removal, placement of engineered fill, subgrade preparation, foundation bearing soils, and other geotechnical conditions exposed during the construction of the project. Site Preparation Site preparation should commence with removal of existing vegetation, topsoil and any loose, soft, or otherwise unsuitable material from the proposed construction areas. Pavements and/or flatwork within the construction areas should be removed at this time as well. Stripped materials consisting of vegetation and organic materials should be wasted from the site or used to re- vegetate landscaped areas or exposed slopes after completion of earthwork operations. Existing (undocumented) fill is present in the area of the proposed kitchen addition. These materials should not be relied upon for support and should be treated as described in other sections of the report. Terracon should be contacted to observe the fill removal process to more accurately define the depth of the fill layer. Although evidence of underground facilities was not observed in the areas of proposed construction, such features could be encountered during construction. If unexpected fills or underground facilities are encountered, such features should be removed, and the excavation thoroughly cleaned. Terracon should observe the excavation prior to backfill placement and/or construction. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 7 Where new fill is placed on existing slopes steeper than 5H:1V, benches should be cut into the existing slopes prior to fill placement. Benches should have a minimum vertical face height of 2 feet and a maximum vertical face height of 5 feet and should be cut wide enough to accommodate compaction equipment. Benches should be sloped at about 2 percent towards the slope face. This benching will help provide a positive bond between the fill and existing soil/bedrock and reduce the possibility of failure along the fill/soil or bedrock interface. Exposed surfaces should be free of mounds and depressions that could prevent uniform compaction. Following completion of stripping and rough grading but prior to placement of new fill, the exposed ground should be scarified, moisture conditioned as needed and re-compacted. The subgrade should then be proof-rolled to help delineate weak or disturbed areas at or near the ground surface. Unsuitable areas should be improved by moisture adjustment and compaction or by undercutting and placement of suitable compacted fill. Fill Material Types On-site soils free of vegetation, organic matter and other unsuitable materials, properly processed bedrock materials or low volume change import materials approved by Terracon may be used as fill/backfill material on the site. Bedrock materials should be broken down and processed to a “soil-like” consistency, with no particles greater than about 4 inches in size. The earthwork contractor should expect significant mechanical processing of the bedrock materials will be needed to meet these requirements. In general, imported materials meeting the properties presented below should be acceptable for use on the site. However, imported soils should be evaluated and approved by the geotechnical engineer prior to delivery to the site. Gradation/Property Percent Finer by Weight (ASTM D422/C136) 3-inch 100 No. 4 Sieve 30 to 100 No. 50 Sieve 10 to 60 No. 200 Sieve 5 to 20 ■Liquid Limit (LL)30 (max.) ■Plasticity Index (PI)6 (max.) Other import fill material types may be suitable for use on the site depending upon proposed application and location on the site and could be tested and approved for use on a case-by-case basis. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 8 Fill Compaction Requirements Structural and general fill/backfill should meet the following compaction requirements. Item Description Fill Lift Thickness ■9 to 12-inches or less in loose thickness when heavy, self-propelled compaction equipment is used ■4 to 6 inches in loose thickness when hand- guided equipment (i.e. jumping jack or plate compactor) is used Compaction Requirements1 ■At least 95% of ASTM D698 (for fill/backfill depth ≤ 8 feet) ■At least 98% of ASTM D698 (for portion of fill/backfill ˃ 8 feet) Moisture Content On-Site/Import Sands or Properly Processed Bedrock Materials2 -2 to +2% of the optimum moisture content as determined by the standard Proctor test 1.Engineered fill should be placed and compacted in horizontal lifts, using equipment and procedures that will produce recommended moisture contents and densities throughout the lift. A construction disc or other suitable processing equipment will be needed to thoroughly process the materials and to aid in achieving uniform moisture content throughout the fill. 2.The contractor should expect some moisture adjustment and processing of the site soil/bedrock or import materials will be needed prior to or during compaction operations. 3.Care should be taken during the fill placement process to avoid zones of dissimilar fill. Improvements constructed over varying fill types are at a higher risk of differential movement compared to improvements over a uniform fill zone. We support the use of a single import source to avoid this condition. Slopes For new slopes in compacted fill or cut areas where saturation of the slopes will not occur, we suggest slopes of 3H:1V (horizontal to vertical), or less. Use of flatter slopes of 4H:1V (horizontal to vertical) is preferable to reduce erosion and maintenance problems. Some local raveling and/or surface sloughing may occur on constructed slopes until vegetation is re-established. If saturated or steeper slopes and/or slopes over about 10 feet in height are anticipated, or if structures or other surcharge loads will be located within a distance of the slope height from the crest of the slope, the slopes should be evaluated for stability on an individual basis. The face of all slopes should be compacted to the minimum specifications described above. Ideally, fill slopes should be over-built and then cut back to the final configuration to develop and adequately compacted slope face. Slopes should be revegetated as soon as possible to reduce the potential for erosion problems. Seeded slopes should be protected with erosion mats until the vegetation is established. Surface drainage is critical to performance of slopes and should be Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 9 designed, constructed and maintained to direct water away from slope faces and to prevent ponding adjacent to the crest or toe of the slope. Excavation and Utility Trench Construction We anticipate excavations up to about 10 to 12 feet may be necessary for construction of the rectory building. We believe the near surface soils and existing fill encountered in our exploratory borings can be excavated with conventional excavation equipment. Excavation into bedrock is anticipated to be difficult and will likely require the use of large rippers, pneumatic hammers or other specialized heavy-duty rock excavation equipment in order to advance excavations. Drilling and blasting (if allowed) may also be required to advance excavations into the bedrock. The means and methods for rock excavation should be evaluated and determined by the excavation contractor. Consideration should be given to obtaining a unit price for difficult excavation in the contract documents for the project. Furthermore, we recommend a contingency be provided in the construction budget for difficult excavation. Groundwater seepage is not expected for planned excavations on the site. However, if seepage occurs or rain or snow-melt water develops in the excavation, it should be removed as soon as possible. Trench excavations should be made with sufficient working space to permit construction including backfill placement and compaction. Trench backfill should consist of the on-site soil, properly processed bedrock materials or approved imported materials. Trench backfill should be placed and compacted as described under Fill Compaction Requirements. It is strongly recommended a representative of the geotechnical engineer provide full-time observation and compaction testing of trench backfill within building areas. Underground piping within or near the proposed structures should be designed and constructed to accommodate movement so deviations in alignment do not result in breakage or distress. Utility knockouts in foundation walls/grade beams should be oversized to accommodate differential movements. The individual contractor(s) is responsible for designing and constructing stable, temporary excavations in order to maintain stability of excavation sides and bottom as well as any adjacent structures, foundations and utilities. Care should be taken during construction to avoid affecting existing foundations. Excavations for the project should not undermine existing foundations. These conditions may require shoring of excavations or underpinning of existing foundations to protect the structural integrity of the existing building. Excavations should be sloped or shored in the interest of safety following local and federal regulations, including current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) excavation and trench safety standards. As a safety measure, it is suggested vehicles and soil piles be kept to a minimum lateral distance from the crest of the Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 10 slope equal to no less than the slope height. Exposed slope faces should be protected against the elements. The soils to be penetrated by the proposed excavations may vary significantly across the site. The preliminary soil classifications are based solely on the materials encountered in the borings drilled at the indicated locations. The contractor should verify similar conditions exist throughout the proposed area of excavation. If different subsurface conditions are encountered at the time of construction, the actual conditions should be evaluated to determine any excavation modifications necessary to maintain safe conditions. Grading and Drainage Proper drainage and surface water management is important to the performance of foundations, floor slabs, basement areas and other site improvements. The following recommendations are considered good practice for any site and should be implemented where applicable and/or to the extent possible. Grades must be adjusted to provide positive drainage away from the buildings and other site improvements during construction and maintained throughout the life of the proposed facility. Infiltration of water into utility or foundation excavations must be prevented during construction. Landscaped irrigation adjacent to the foundation system should be minimized. Plants placed close to foundation walls should be limited to those with low moisture requirements. The importance of proper irrigation practices cannot be over emphasized. Irrigation should be limited to the minimum amount needed to maintain vegetation; application of more water will increase likelihood of soil movements. We recommend constructed slopes of about 6 inches in the first 10 feet (5 percent slope) in landscaped areas around the building, where practical. Locally, flatter grades may be necessary to transition ADA access requirements for flatwork. The ground surface should be sloped in such a manner that water will not pond between or adjacent to structures and other site improvements. Concrete curbs and sidewalks may “dam” surface runoff adjacent to the buildings and disrupt proper flow. Use of “chase” drains or weep holes at low points in the curb should be considered to promote proper drainage. Backfill against foundations, exterior walls and in utility and sprinkler line trenches should be well compacted and free of construction debris to reduce moisture infiltration. Some settlement of wall backfill should be expected even if properly compacted. Areas where backfill has settled should be repaired and re-graded immediately to maintain proper slope away from the foundation. Flatwork and pavements will be subject to post construction movement. Maximum grades practical should be used for paving and flatwork to prevent areas where water can pond. Where Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 11 paving or flatwork abuts the structure, care should be taken that joints are properly sealed and maintained to prevent the infiltration of surface water. Planters located adjacent to the structure should be self-contained. Sprinkler mains and spray heads should not be installed or allowed to discharge within 5 feet of foundation walls. Roof drains should discharge beyond the limits of backfill zones or into appropriate storm sewer or detention areas. Downspout extensions and splash blocks should be provided at all discharge points. Roof drains can also be connected to buried, solid pipe outlets. Downspouts, extensions and drain outlets should be monitored and maintained. Water permitted to pond near or adjacent to the perimeter of the structures (either during or post- construction) can result in higher soil movements than those discussed in this report. As a result, estimations of potential movement described in this report cannot be relied upon if positive drainage is not obtained and maintained, and water is allowed to infiltrate the fill and/or subgrade. After building construction and prior to project completion, we recommend verification of final grading be performed to document that positive drainage, as described in this section, has been achieved. Maintenance of surface drainage is imperative subsequent to construction and becomes the responsibility of the owner. Earthwork Construction Considerations The near surface soils found on this site are anticipated to be relatively stable and are not expected to “pump” or deform excessively upon initial exposure. However, the site soils can lose strength when elevated in moisture content. In addition, overall stability of the subgrade can be affected by precipitation, excessive compaction water, repetitive construction traffic, or other factors. Consequently, subgrade “pumping” and unstable soil conditions could develop during earthwork operations or other construction activities. If unstable or soft/loose ground conditions develop during earthwork or other construction activities, some method of soil improvement or stabilization will be needed prior to fill placement and/or foundation of floor slab construction. Prior to placing fill or structures on soft, yielding subgrade, we recommend stabilization by either moisture adjustment and recompaction, undercutting weak areas and replacement with select granular fill and/or geogrid, or by placing a layer of angular rock and crowding it into the subgrade until a firm base is obtained. In any event, we feel the appropriate method and level of stabilization (if any) should be evaluated and can best be determined on a case-by-case basis during construction once the entire subgrade and overall conditions are exposed. The subgrade should be evaluated by a Terracon representative upon completion of filling operations. Once fill is placed and the subgrade is prepared, it is important measures be planned and taken to reduce drying of the near surface materials. If the fill dries excessively prior to Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 12 foundation, floor slab or flatwork construction, then it will be necessary to rework the upper, drier materials just prior to construction. Likewise, completed subgrades that have become saturated, frozen, disturbed or altered by construction activity should be restored to the conditions recommended in this report. Construction site safety is the sole responsibility of the contractor who controls the means, methods, and sequencing of construction operations. Under no circumstances shall the information provided herein be interpreted to mean Terracon is assuming responsibility for construction site safety, or the contractor's activities; such responsibility shall neither be implied nor inferred. Construction Observation and Testing The earthwork efforts should be monitored under the guidance of Terracon. Monitoring should include documentation of adequate removal of vegetation and top soil and existing fill materials. Each lift of compacted fill/backfill should be tested, evaluated, and reworked as necessary until approved by the Geotechnical Engineer prior to placement of additional lifts. In areas of foundation excavations, the bearing subgrade should be evaluated under the guidance of Terracon. In the event unanticipated conditions are encountered, we should prescribe mitigation options. In addition to the documentation of the essential parameters necessary for construction, the continuation of Terracon into the construction phase of the project provides the continuity to maintain our evaluation of subsurface conditions, including assessing variations and associated design changes. SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS RECTORY BUILDING Subsurface conditions in the area of the rectory building generally consist of about 1½ to 2 feet of silty sand overlying weathered to very hard bedrock. Considering the size and type of construction planned for the rectory and the subsurface conditions encountered in our test borings, we believe spread footings bearing on undisturbed bedrock materials can be used for support of the proposed building. Design and construction recommendations for shallow foundations for the proposed structure are presented in the following table and paragraphs. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 13 If the site has been prepared in accordance with the requirements noted in Earthwork and other appropriate sections of the report, the following design parameters are applicable for shallow spread footings. Spread Footing Design Recommendations (Rectory Building) Item Description Bearing Material Undisturbed bedrock Maximum Allowable Soil Bearing Pressure 1 4,000 psf Minimum Embedment Below Finished Grade for Frost Protection 2 36 inches Estimated Post-Construction Movement Based on Assumed Structural Loads 3 1 inch, or less Ultimate Passive Pressure 4 375 psf/ft Ultimate Coefficient of Sliding Friction (footings on bedrock)4 0.60 times the vertical dead load 1.The allowable soil bearing pressure applies to dead loads plus design live load conditions and is the maximum pressure that should be transmitted to the bearing soils in excess of the minimum surrounding overburden pressure at the footing base elevation. Assumes soft/loose soils or disturbed bedrock materials, if encountered, will be removed prior to placement of foundations. 2.For perimeter footings and footings beneath unheated areas. Interior column pads in heated areas should bear at least 12 inches below the adjacent grade (or the top of the floor slab) for confinement of the bearing materials and to develop the recommended bearing pressure. 3.Additional foundation movements could occur if surface water infiltrates the foundation soils; therefore, proper drainage away from the foundation system should be provided in the final design, during construction and maintained throughout the life of the structure. The sides of the excavation for spread footings must be nearly vertical and the concrete should be placed neat against these vertical faces or backfill must be compacted to at least 95 percent of the standard Proctor maximum dry density for the passive earth pressure value to be valid. Passive pressure requires movement to generate the resistance and should only be used when movement is tolerable, and the soil is well compacted and will not be removed. The passive resistance and friction factor are ultimate values. As such, appropriate factors of safety should be applied. Footings should be proportioned to reduce differential foundation movement. Proportioning on the basis of relative constant dead-load pressure can provide a means to reduce differential movement between adjacent footings. Footings and foundation walls should be detailed and reinforced as necessary to reduce the potential for distress caused by differential foundation movement. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 14 Spread Footing Construction Considerations (Rectory Building) Where bedrock is loosened during excavation or in the forming process for footings, or if otherwise unsuitable bearing conditions are present, these materials should be removed prior to placement of foundation concrete. Concrete should be placed soon after excavating to reduce bearing material disturbance. As noted in Earthwork, completed foundation excavations should be observed and evaluated by a representative of Terracon well in advance of forming footings and placement of reinforcing steel to confirm satisfactory bearing materials are present and subsurface conditions are consistent with those encountered in our borings. If the soil conditions encountered differ significantly from those presented in this report, supplemental recommendations will be required. KITCHEN ADDITION Subsurface conditions in the area of the kitchen addition generally consist of about 6½ feet of existing sand fill (undocumented fill) overlying weathered to very hard bedrock. Depth of fill may vary across the footprint of the proposed addition. As discussed previously, existing fill should not be relied upon for support and should be re-worked (over-excavated down to native soil/bedrock, moisture conditioned and recompacted) or replaced with approved import materials prior to foundation construction. Over-excavation should also extend laterally beyond edges of the footing at least 12 inches for each foot of over-excavation depth below the footing base elevation. Considering the size and type of construction planned for the kitchen addition and the subsurface conditions encountered in our test borings, we believe spread footings bearing on newly placed engineered fill can be used for support of the proposed addition. Design and construction recommendations for shallow foundations for the proposed addition are presented in the following table and paragraphs. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 15 Spread Footing Design Recommendations (Kitchen Addition) Item Description Bearing Material Newly placed engineered fill extended to native soil/ bedrock Maximum Allowable Soil Bearing Pressure 1 2,000 psf Minimum Dimensions Isolated Column Strip Footing 24 inches 16 inches Minimum Embedment Below Finished Grade for Frost Protection 2 36 inches Estimated Post-Construction Movement Based on Assumed Structural Loads 3 About 1 inch Ultimate Passive Pressure 4 375 psf/ft Ultimate Coefficient of Sliding Friction (footings on compacted sand fill)4 0.40 times the vertical dead load 1.The allowable soil bearing pressure applies to dead loads plus design live load conditions and is the maximum pressure that should be transmitted to the bearing soils in excess of the minimum surrounding overburden pressure at the footing base elevation. Assumes soft/loose soils, poorly compacted fill or otherwise unsuitable bearing materials, if encountered, will be undercut and replaced with properly compacted engineered fill. 2.For perimeter footings and footings beneath unheated areas. Interior column pads in heated areas should bear at least 12 inches below the adjacent grade (or the top of the floor slab) for confinement of the bearing materials and to develop the recommended bearing pressure. 3.Additional foundation movements could occur if surface water infiltrates the foundation soils; therefore, proper drainage away from the foundation system should be provided in the final design, during construction and maintained throughout the life of the structure. The sides of the excavation for spread footings must be nearly vertical and the concrete should be placed neat against these vertical faces or backfill must be compacted to at least 95 percent of the standard Proctor maximum dry density for the passive earth pressure value to be valid. Passive pressure requires movement to generate the resistance and should only be used when movement is tolerable, and the soil is well compacted and will not be removed. The passive resistance and friction factor are ultimate values. As such, appropriate factors of safety should be applied. Differential movement between the addition and the existing building is expected to approach the magnitude of the total movement of the addition. Ideally, expansion joints should be provided between the existing building and the proposed addition to accommodate differential movements between the two structures. Underground piping between the two structures should be designed with flexible couplings and utility knockouts in foundation walls should be oversized, so minor deflections in alignment do not result in breakage or distress. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 16 New footings should bear at or near the bearing elevation of immediately adjacent existing foundations. Depending upon their locations and current loads on the existing footings, footings for the new addition could cause settlement of adjacent foundations. To reduce this concern and risk, clear distances at least equal to the new footing widths should be maintained between the addition’s footings and footings supporting the existing building. Footings should be proportioned to reduce differential foundation movement. Proportioning on the basis of relative constant dead-load pressure can provide a means to reduce differential movement between adjacent footings. Footings and foundation walls should be detailed and reinforced as necessary to reduce the potential for distress caused by differential foundation movement. Spread Footing Construction Considerations (Kitchen Addition) Care should be used while excavating adjacent to existing foundations of the building to avoid undermining or otherwise disturbing these foundation elements. Excavations should not extend into the stress influence zone of existing foundations unless they are underpinned or braced. The stress influence zone is generally defined as the area below a line projected down at a 1H:1V slope from the bottom edge of the existing foundation. If excavations need to extend below the depth of existing foundations, we should be contacted to evaluate conditions and provide additional recommendations, if needed. Also, when compacting within 10 feet of the existing structure, a lightweight compactor should be used and backfill should be placed and compacted in 4 to 6-inch loose lifts. An embankment fill slope is located to the south of the kitchen addition and is estimated to be about 8 to 10 feet high. For foundations adjacent to slopes, a minimum horizontal setback of five (5) feet should be maintained between the foundation base and slope face. In addition, the setback should be at a location where an imaginary line extending downward at 45 degrees from the nearest edge of the foundation does not intersect the slope face. Where soils are loosened during excavation or in the forming process for footings, or if loose or otherwise unsuitable bearing conditions are present, they should be removed to minimum depths determined by the geotechnical engineer and replaced with approved engineered fill. Concrete should be placed soon after excavating to reduce bearing material disturbance. As noted in Earthwork, completed foundation excavations should be observed and evaluated by a representative of Terracon well in advance of forming footings and placement of reinforcing steel to confirm satisfactory bearing materials are present and subsurface conditions are consistent with those encountered in our borings. If the soil conditions encountered differ significantly from those presented in this report, supplemental recommendations will be required. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 17 SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS The seismic design requirements for buildings and other structures are based on Seismic Design Category. Site Classification is required to determine the Seismic Design Category for a structure. The Site Classification is based on the upper 100 feet of the site profile defined by a weighted average value of either shear wave velocity, standard penetration resistance, or undrained shear strength in accordance with Section 20.4 of ASCE 7 and the International Building Code (IBC). Based on the soil/bedrock properties encountered at the site and as described on the exploration logs and results, it is our professional opinion that the Seismic Site Classification is C. Subsurface explorations at this site were extended to a maximum depth of about 20 feet. The site properties below the maximum boring depth to 100 feet were estimated based on our experience and knowledge of geologic conditions of the general area. FLOOR SLABS Existing fill was encountered in the boring drilled in the area of the kitchen addition. The fill will present a risk of settlement of floor slabs constructed on or above these materials. To reduce risk of movement and enhance floor slab performance, we recommend the existing fill be removed down to native soil/bedrock and reworked or replaced prior to slab construction. Partial over- excavation and recompaction/replacement of at least 3 feet of the fill below the slab could be considered provided additional risk is acceptable. Another option to mitigate the impact of existing fill on floor slab construction would be the use of a suspended floor (crawl space) supported independent of the ground. Based on our boring data, we anticipate non-expansive bedrock or possibly native silty sand and/or properly compacted engineered fill will support the basement/garage floor slab in the rectory building. Conventional concrete slabs-on-grade are normally used for these conditions and typically perform well. All slabs-on-grade undergo some movement. We believe risk of movement is low for the soil/bedrock conditions encountered on this site and estimate settlement/heave of slabs-on-grade constructed on undisturbed bedrock or properly compacted engineered fill and prepared subgrade on the order of 1 inch, or less. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 18 Floor Slab Design Recommendations Item Description Floor Slab Support Properly compacted engineered fill, moisture conditioned and compacted subgrade or undisturbed bedrock. Slab Thickness Slab reinforcement and thickness should be designed by a qualified engineer based on actual loads imposed and on intended slab use. We recommend the following precautions be observed where slabs-on-grade are used. These precautions will not eliminate slab movement. Rather, they tend to reduce damage when movement occurs. Additional floor slab design and construction recommendations are as follows: ■Positive separations and/or isolation joints should be provided between slabs and foundations, columns or utility lines to allow free vertical movement. This detail can reduce cracking when movement of the slab occurs. Non-bearing partition walls placed on the floor slab (if any) should be designed and constructed to allow some slab movement. ■Plumbing and utilities that pass-through slabs should be isolated from the slab and constructed with flexible couplings. Utilities, as well as electrical and mechanical equipment, should be constructed with sufficient flexibility to allow for movement. ■Frequent control joints should be provided in slabs to control the location and extent of cracking in accordance with the American Concrete Institute (ACI). For additional recommendations refer to the ACI Design Manual. ■The use of a vapor retarder should be considered beneath concrete slabs on grade that will be covered with wood, tile, carpet or other moisture sensitive or impervious coverings, or when the slab will support equipment sensitive to moisture. When conditions warrant the use of a vapor retarder/barrier, the slab designer should refer to ACI 302 and/or ACI 360 for procedures and cautions regarding the use and placement of a vapor retarder/barrier. ■Other design and construction considerations, as outlined in the ACI Design Manual, Section 302.1R are recommended. Floor Slab Construction Considerations Fill/backfill placed beneath slabs and next to foundation walls/grade beams should be moisture conditioned and compacted as described in the Earthwork section of this report. Soils loosened during excavation or other construction activities should be removed or recompacted as described in this report. Floor slabs should not be constructed on frozen subgrade. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 19 Once fill is placed and the floor slab subgrade is prepared, it is important measures be planned and taken to reduce drying of the near surface materials. If the fill dries excessively prior to building construction, then it will be necessary to rework the upper, drier materials just prior to installing floor slabs. We recommend the area underlying the floor slab be evaluated shortly before slab construction. Particular attention should be paid to foundation wall backfill and areas where backfilled trenches are located. Areas where unsuitable conditions are located should be repaired by removing and replacing the affected material with properly compacted fill. RETAINING WALLS AND BELOW GRADE CONSTRUCTION We understand short retaining walls may also be constructed to the west of the proposed rectory building. Preliminary information indicates the walls will be on the order of about 2 to 4 feet tall. Furthermore, we assume the retaining walls will likely consist of cast-in-place (CIP) reinforced concrete construction. Retaining walls can be constructed on footing foundations designed for a maximum allowable soil pressure of 2,000 pounds per square foot (psf) when bearing on native sand soils or properly compacted engineered fill. Retaining wall foundations bearing entirely on undisturbed bedrock may be designed for a soil pressure of 4,000 psf. Footings should have a minimum width of 18 inches and frost cover of at least 3 feet. The footings should be reinforced to help withstand differential movements. Lateral Earth Pressures Reinforced concrete retaining walls and foundation walls with unbalanced backfill levels on opposite sides should be designed for lateral earth pressures imposed by the soil backfill. Earth pressures will be influenced by structural design of the walls, conditions of wall restraint, slope of the backfill surface and type, compaction and drainage of the backfill. For purposes of design, we have assumed backfill will consist of the on-site soils, properly processed bedrock materials or approved import soil. If different type of backfill is used or other retaining wall systems (such as MSE walls) are planned, we should be contacted to provide additional recommendations. Active earth pressure is commonly used for design of walls that allow some wall rotation and deflection. For walls that can deflect and rotate about the base, with top lateral movements of about ½ to 1 percent of the wall height, lower “active” earth pressures could be considered for design. For restrained walls where negligible or very little rotation and deflection will occur (such as basement foundation walls), "at-rest" lateral earth pressures should be used in the design. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 20 Reinforced concrete walls should be designed for lateral earth pressures at least equal to those indicated in the following table. Earth Pressure Conditions Backfill Soil Type Equivalent Fluid Density (pcf) Active (Ka)On-site sand soil or processed bedrock 40 At-Rest (Ko)On-site sand soil or processed bedrock 60 Passive (Kp)On-site sand soil or processed bedrock 375 Passive earth pressure and frictional resistance can be used to resist sliding and overturning. Passive resistance requires movement to generate the resistance. Passive resistance should only be used when movement is tolerable, and the soil is well compacted and will not be removed. A value of 0.40 can be used as the ultimate coefficient of friction between concrete and the native sand soil or engineered fill. A value of 0.60 can be used between concrete and undisturbed bedrock. The equivalent fluid densities and coefficient of friction presented above do not include a factor of safety. As such, appropriate factors of safety should be applied to these values. Furthermore, the equivalent fluid densities do not include allowances for hydrostatic pressures, surcharge loading, and sloping backfill. Retaining Wall Drainage Free-draining granular backfill should be used behind retaining walls to help relieve hydrostatic pressure and provide drainage. We recommend a free-draining gravel material with less than 5 percent fines (material passing the No. 200 sieve) be used for a zone within at least 1-foot behind the walls. The gravel zone behind the wall and wall backfill should be placed in thin, loose lifts and compacted. Heavy equipment should not operate within a distance closer than the exposed height of retaining walls to prevent lateral pressures more than those provided. Special precautions (e.g. bracing) should be taken to avoid over-stressing the walls during compaction. We recommend weep holes and/or installation of a drain pipe at the base of the free-draining backfill zone. If a drain is installed, it should consist of a minimum 4-inch perforated rigid PVC pipe encased in free-draining gravel. The drain pipe should slope at least ½ percent to a positive gravity outlet at either or both ends of the wall or be connected to outfall more than 5 feet in front of the wall. As an alternative, a prefabricated drainage structure may be used as a substitute for the granular backfill adjacent to the retaining wall. A pre-fabricated drainage structure is a plastic drainage Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 21 core or mesh which is covered with filter fabric to prevent soil intrusion and is fastened to the wall prior to placing backfill. Prefabricated drainage should be installed following the manufacturer’s recommendations. Where the backfill zone is not covered with pavement or flatwork, we recommend the backfill zone be capped with relatively impermeable soil to reduce infiltration and conveyance of surface water through the wall backfill. In addition, surface drainage should be designed to direct water away from the wall and to prevent ponding adjacent to the wall. Basement Construction and Subsurface Drainage We understand the rectory building will be constructed with a walk-out level directed to the south and west. Our experience indicates surface water from precipitation, snowmelt and site irrigation frequently flows through relatively permeable backfill adjacent to the building and collects on the surface of less permeable soil/bedrock occurring at the bottom of the excavation. To reduce the likelihood water pressure will develop outside foundation walls and the risk of accumulation of water at the basement floor level, installation of a perimeter drainage system is recommended. The drain trench and pipe should be constructed around the perimeter of the basement foundation and sloped at a minimum 1 percent (⅛” drop per foot of drain) to a suitable outlet, such as a positive gravity outfall or to a sump where water can be removed by pumping. The drainage system should consist of a minimum 4-inch diameter rigid perforated pipe, encased in free-draining gravel, placed in a trench at least 12-inches in width. The trench should be excavated at a 1H:1V slope beginning at the bottom edge of the footing. The trench should not be cut vertically at the edge of the footing. The invert of the drain pipe, at its high-point, should be placed at least 2-inches below the bottom of the footing. Gravel should encase the pipe and extend laterally to the edge of the footing. Gravel should extend at least 6-inches above the drain pipe. The system should be underlain with a polyethylene moisture barrier, sealed to the foundation wall and extended at least to the edge of the backfill zone. The drain gravel should be covered with a non-woven geotextile fabric (or other engineer approved material) and should cover the entire width of the gravel prior to placement of backfill. Crawl Space Construction We understand the rectory building will include a crawl space area in the northwest corner of the building footprint. Experience indicates over a period of time, moist conditions and possibly standing water can develop in crawl space areas, particularly if proper surface drainage away from the building is not provided and maintained or if over-watering of lawns and other landscape plantings adjacent to the foundation occurs. Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 22 As a precautionary measure, the provision of a drain should be considered for proposed crawl space areas. The crawl space drain could be as simple as a shallow trench sloped to a suitable outlet or could be a more elaborate system using perforated drain pipe embedded in free-draining gravel. We are available to discuss this in greater detail upon request. Crawl space areas should be well ventilated for indoor air quality to help manage humidity and to facilitate moisture release. To help promote drainage towards the perimeter of the structure, we recommend “crowning” the subgrade at the center of the crawl space area. To further manage humidity, we believe best current practices involve placing a vapor retarder (10 mil polyethylene membrane material, or equivalent) on the exposed soil in the crawl space. The vapor retarder should be sealed at joints and attached to concrete foundation walls and other elements. ADDITIONAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS Soluble Sulfates Test Results (Concrete) Soluble sulfate concentrations were measured for samples of the soil/bedrock that will likely be in contact with project concrete. The sulfate concentrations measured in the samples varied from 0.001 to 0.002 percent. Sulfate concentrations of less than 0.1 percent indicate Class 0 exposure to sulfate attack for concrete in contact with the subsoils, according to the American Concrete Institute (ACI)Guide to Durable Concrete. For this level of sulfate concentrations, ACI indicates any type of cement can be used for concrete in contact with the subsoils/bedrock. Therefore, Type I Portland cement should be suitable for concrete on and below grade. However, if there is no, or minimal cost differential, use of Type II Portland cement (or equivalent) should be considered for additional sulfate resistance of construction concrete. Foundation concrete should be designed in accordance with the provisions of the ACI Design Manual, Section 318, Chapter 4. Exterior Slabs/Flatwork We anticipate exterior slabs/flatwork will be supported on essentially non-expansive soil/bedrock or on properly compacted engineered fill. Sidewalks and other flatwork are normally constructed as slabs-on-grade where these conditions are present. Performance of flatwork supported on the site soil/bedrock or engineered fill can be erratic and these features may heave/settle to some degree and crack when the underlying soils become elevated in moisture content or due to frost heave. Exterior slabs can be affected on all sites. In addition, compacted backfill or existing soils may swell/compress or foundation wall backfill may consolidate with increasing moisture content; therefore, exterior slabs could heave or settle, resulting in cracking or vertical offsets. It is generally not feasible to eliminate the potential for Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 23 movement of exterior flatwork. The potential for damage would be greatest where exterior slabs are constructed adjacent to the buildings or other structural elements. To reduce the potential for damage, we recommend: ■Exterior slabs be supported on carefully processed and moisture conditioned fill/subgrade ■Strict moisture-density control during placement of fill/backfills ■Placement of effective control joints on relatively close centers and isolation joints between slabs and other structural elements ■Provision for adequate drainage in areas adjoining the slabs ■Use of designs which allow free vertical movement between the exterior slabs and adjoining structural elements In those locations where movement of exterior slabs must be reduced or where there is low tolerance for movement (such as at building doors), consideration should be given to structurally supporting exterior flatwork on haunches. GENERAL COMMENTS As the project progresses, we address assumptions by incorporating information provided by the design team, if any. Revised project information that reflects actual conditions important to our services is reflected in the final report. The design team should collaborate with Terracon to confirm these assumptions and to prepare the final design plans and specifications. This facilitates the incorporation of our opinions related to implementation of our geotechnical recommendations. Any information conveyed prior to the final report is for informational purposes only and should not be considered or used for decision-making purposes. Our analysis and opinions are based upon our understanding of the project, the geotechnical conditions in the area, and the data obtained from our site exploration. Natural variations will occur between exploration point locations or due to the modifying effects of construction, weather and time. The nature and extent of such variations may not become evident until during or after construction. Terracon should be retained as the Geotechnical Engineer, where noted in the final report, to provide observation and testing services during pertinent construction phases. If variations appear, we can provide further evaluation and supplemental recommendations. If variations are noted in the absence of our observation and testing services on-site, we should be immediately notified so that we can provide evaluation and supplemental recommendations. Our scope of services does not include either specifically or by implication any environmental or biological (e.g., mold, fungi, bacteria) assessment of the site or identification or prevention of pollutants, hazardous materials or conditions. If the owner is concerned about the potential for such contamination or pollution, other studies should be undertaken. Our services and any correspondence or collaboration through this system are intended for the sole benefit and exclusive use of our client for specific application to the project discussed and Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable 24 are accomplished in accordance with generally accepted geotechnical engineering practices with no third party beneficiaries intended. Any third party access to services or correspondence is solely for information purposes to support the services provided by Terracon to our client. Reliance upon the services and any work product is limited to our client and is not intended for third parties. Any use or reliance of the provided information by third parties is done solely at their own risk. No warranties, either express or implied, are intended or made. Site characteristics as provided are for design purposes and not to estimate excavation cost. Any use of our report in that regard is done at the sole risk of the excavating cost estimator as there may be variations on the site that are not apparent in the data that could significantly impact excavation cost. Any parties charged with estimating excavation costs should seek their own site characterization for specific purposes to obtain the specific level of detail necessary for costing. Site safety, and cost estimating including, excavation support, and dewatering requirements/design are the responsibility of others. If changes in the nature, design, or location of the project are planned, our conclusions and recommendations shall not be considered valid unless we review the changes and either verify or modify our conclusions in writing. ATTACH MENTS ATTACHMENTS EXPLORATION AND TESTING PROCEDURES SITE LOCATION AND EXPLORATION PLANS EXPLORATION RESULTS SUPPORTING INFORMATION Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable EXPLORATION AND TESTING PROCEDURES Field Exploration Number of Borings Boring Depth (feet)Location 1 20 As close as practical to the kitchen addition footprint 2 13 to 20 Within or as close as practical to the rectory building footprint Boring Layout and Elevations: The borings were located in the field by pacing or by measurements with a mechanical surveying wheel using property boundaries and/or existing site features as a reference. Right angles for locating the borings were estimated. Approximate ground surface elevations at the boring locations for this exploration were obtained by interpolation from contours indicated on the plan provided or by measurements with an engineer's level and rod from a temporary bench mark (TBM) shown on the Exploration Plan. The latitude and longitude coordinates of the boring locations were obtained by using a recreational-grade GPS device. The accuracy of these coordinates is typically about +/- 10 to 15 feet. The accuracy of boring locations and elevations should only be assumed to the level implied by the methods used. Subsurface Exploration Procedures: Borings were advanced with a CME-45 truck-mounted drilling rig, utilizing 4-inch diameter solid stem auger. Test boring TB-1 (drilled in the area of the rectory building) encountered practical auger refusal on very hard bedrock at a depth of about 13 feet below ground surface. A geotechnical engineer recorded lithologic logs of each boring during the drilling operations. At selected intervals, samples of the subsurface materials were taken by means of driving a 2.5-inch O.D. modified California barrel sampler. Bulk samples (auger cuttings) were also obtained from the test borings. Penetration resistance measurements were obtained by driving the California barrel into the subsurface materials with a 140-pound hammer falling 30 inches. The penetration resistance value, when properly interpreted, is a useful index in estimating the consistency, relative density, or hardness of the materials encountered. Groundwater levels were recorded in each boring while drilling and shortly after (15 minutes to 3 hours) completion of drilling. Due to safety considerations, the borings were backfilled prior to leaving the site; therefore, subsequent groundwater measurements were not obtained. Some settlement of the backfill may occur over time and should be repaired as soon as possible. A CME automatic hammer was used to advance the California barrel sampler in the borings performed on this site. A greater efficiency is typically achieved with the automatic hammer compared to the conventional safety hammer operated with a cathead and rope. Published correlations between penetration values and soil properties are based on the lower efficiency cathead and rope method. This higher efficiency affects the penetration resistance blow count Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable value by increasing the penetration per hammer blow over what would be obtained using the cathead and rope method. The effect of the automatic hammer’s efficiency has been considered in the interpretation and analysis of the subsurface information for this report. The penetration test provides a reasonable indication of the in-place density of sandy type materials, but only provides an indication of the relative stiffness of cohesive materials since the blow count in these soils may be affected by the soil’s moisture content. In addition, considerable care should be exercised in interpreting the penetration values in gravelly soils, particularly where the size of the gravel particle exceeds the inside diameter of the sampler. Laboratory Testing Samples retrieved during the field exploration were returned to the laboratory for observation by the project geotechnical engineer and were visually classified in general accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System described in the Supporting Information section of this report. Samples of bedrock were classified in accordance with the general notes for Rock Classification. After sample review by the project engineer, an applicable laboratory testing program was formulated to determine engineering properties of the subsurface materials. Following completion of the laboratory testing, the field and visual descriptions were confirmed or modified as necessary, and Logs of Borings were prepared. These logs are presented in the Exploration Results section of this report. Selected samples were tested for the following physical and/or engineering properties: ■Moisture Content ■Dry Unit Weight ■Swell-Consolidation Potential ■Percent Fines/Grain Size ■Atterberg Limits ■Water Soluble Sulfate Content Laboratory test results are indicated on the boring logs and are presented in depth in the Exploration Results section. The test results are used for the geotechnical engineering analyses and the development of foundation, on-grade slab and earthwork recommendations. Laboratory tests are performed in general accordance with applicable local standards or other accepted standards. Procedural standards noted in this report are for reference to methodology in general. In some cases, variations to methods are applied as a result of local practice or professional judgment. Descriptive classifications of the soils indicated on the boring logs are in accordance with the enclosed General Notes and the Unified Soil Classification System. Also shown are estimated Geotechnical Engineering Report OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Responsive ■Resourceful ■Reliable Unified Soil Classification Symbols. A brief description of this classification system as well as the General Notes can be found in the Supporting Information section. Classification was by visual- manual procedures. Selected samples were further classified using the results of Atterberg limit and percent fines/grain size distribution testing. The Atterberg limit test results are also provided in the Exploration Results section. SITE LOCA TION AND EXPLORATI ON PLANS SITE LOCATION AND EXPLORATION PLANS SITE LOCATION OLM New Rectory Building and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 DIAGRAM IS FOR GENERAL LOCATION ONLY, AND IS NOT INTENDED FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY PROVIDED BY MICROSOFT BING MAPS SITE LEGEND:0’50’100’ APPROX. GRAPHIC SCALEAPPROXIMATE LOCATION OF TEST BORING DRILLED ON JANUARY 22, 2020 S. T A Y L O R A V E N U E Scale: 1831 Lefthand Circle Longmont, Colorado 80501 PH. (303) 776-3921 FAX. (303) 776-4041 ESW ESW EDB ESW Project Manager: Drawn by: Checked by: Approved by: EXPLORATION PLAN 1/22/2020 1” = 100’ +/- Project No. File Name: Date:DIAGRAM IS FOR GENERAL LOCATION ONLY, AND IS NOT INTENDED FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES OUR LADY OF THE MOUNTAINS CATHOLIC CHURCH OLM NEW RECTORY BUILDING & KITCHEN ADDITION 920 BIG THOMPSON AVE./HWY 34 ESTES PARK, COLORADO 22195040 22195040 EP VICINITY MAP N.T.S. TEMPORARY BENCH MARK (TBM) MIDDLE OF CONCRETE WALK APPROXIMATE ELEV. = 7530 FEET +/- TB-2 TB-3 TB-1 PROJECT SITE EXPLORATION RESULTS EXPLORATION RESULTS 50/7" 50/1" 50/4" 50/1" 22 3 3 119 NP VEGETATIVE SOIL LAYER, Sandy soil with vegetation and root penetration SILTY SAND (SM), light brown, olive brown, fine to coarse grained, trace fine GRAVEL BIOTITE SCHIST, (Metamorphic Bedrock), pink, tan/beige, orange to olive, grey, weathered to very hard, with mica Very hard drilling below about 6 to 7 feet PRACTICAL AUGER REFUSAL at 13.5 Feet 0.3 2.0 13.5 7538.5+/- 7537+/- 7525.5+/- Hammer Type: AutomaticStratification lines are approximate. In-situ, the transition may be gradual. TH I S B O R I N G L O G I S N O T V A L I D I F S E P A R A T E D F R O M O R I G I N A L R E P O R T . G E O S M A R T L O G - N O W E L L 2 2 1 9 5 0 4 0 O U R L A D Y O F T H E M . G P J T E R R A C O N _ D A T A T E M P L A T E . G D T 1 / 2 7 / 2 0 WA T E R L E V E L OB S E R V A T I O N S DE P T H ( F t . ) 5 10 FI E L D T E S T RE S U L T S SW E L L - C O N S O L / LO A D , ( % / p s f ) PE R C E N T F I N E S WA T E R CO N T E N T ( % ) DR Y U N I T WE I G H T ( p c f ) ATTERBERG LIMITS LL-PL-PI LOCATION See Exploration Plan Latitude: 40.3814° Longitude: -105.5093° GR A P H I C L O G DEPTH ELEVATION (Ft.) Approximate Surface Elev.: 7539 (Ft.) +/- Page 1 of 1 Advancement Method: 4-inch diameter solid stem auger Abandonment Method: Boring backfilled with auger cuttings after delayed water level was measured. Notes: Project No.: 22195040 Drill Rig: CME-45 BORING LOG NO. TB-1 Our Lady of the Mountains Catholic ChurchCLIENT: Estes Park, CO Driller: ODELL Boring Completed: 01-22-2020 PROJECT: Our Lady of the Mtns. Catholic Church - Rectory & Kitchen Addn. Elevation was measured in the field using an engineer's level and rod. See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory procedures used and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. 920 Big Thompson Avenue Estes Park, Colorado SITE: Boring Started: 01-22-2020 1831 Lefthand Cir Ste C Longmont, CO None encountered after completion of drilling DCI at 12 feet when checked 1.5 hrs. after drilling WATER LEVEL OBSERVATIONS SA M P L E T Y P E 50/8" 50/6" 50/2" 50/2" 50/3" 50/2" 3 2 1 2 2 3 119 121 VEGETATIVE SOIL LAYER, Sandy soil with vegetation and root penetration SILTY SAND (SM), light brown, brown, fine to medium grained BIOTITE SCHIST, (Metamorphic Bedrock), light grey, rust, tan to pink, tan/white, orange, olive, weathered to very hard, with mica Very hard lenses below about 6 feet Boring Terminated at 19.5 Feet 0.3 1.5 19.5 7526.5+/- 7525.5+/- 7507.5+/- Hammer Type: AutomaticStratification lines are approximate. In-situ, the transition may be gradual. TH I S B O R I N G L O G I S N O T V A L I D I F S E P A R A T E D F R O M O R I G I N A L R E P O R T . G E O S M A R T L O G - N O W E L L 2 2 1 9 5 0 4 0 O U R L A D Y O F T H E M . G P J T E R R A C O N _ D A T A T E M P L A T E . G D T 1 / 2 7 / 2 0 WA T E R L E V E L OB S E R V A T I O N S DE P T H ( F t . ) 5 10 15 FI E L D T E S T RE S U L T S SW E L L - C O N S O L / LO A D , ( % / p s f ) PE R C E N T F I N E S WA T E R CO N T E N T ( % ) DR Y U N I T WE I G H T ( p c f ) ATTERBERG LIMITS LL-PL-PI LOCATION See Exploration Plan Latitude: 40.3813° Longitude: -105.5092° GR A P H I C L O G DEPTH ELEVATION (Ft.) Approximate Surface Elev.: 7527 (Ft.) +/- Page 1 of 1 Advancement Method: 4-inch diameter solid stem auger Abandonment Method: Boring backfilled with auger cuttings after delayed water level was measured. Notes: Project No.: 22195040 Drill Rig: CME-45 BORING LOG NO. TB-2 Our Lady of the Mountains Catholic ChurchCLIENT: Estes Park, CO Driller: ODELL Boring Completed: 01-22-2020 PROJECT: Our Lady of the Mtns. Catholic Church - Rectory & Kitchen Addn. Elevation was measured in the field using an engineer's level and rod. See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory procedures used and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. 920 Big Thompson Avenue Estes Park, Colorado SITE: Boring Started: 01-22-2020 1831 Lefthand Cir Ste C Longmont, CO None encountered after completion of drilling DCI at 18.5 feet when checked 3 hrs. after drilling WATER LEVEL OBSERVATIONS SA M P L E T Y P E 13/12" 10/12" 50/12" 50/6" 50/4" 50/7" -0.5/500 -0.3/1000 14 7 8 5 2 2 4 119 115 133 25-21-4 FILL; SILTY, CLAYEY SAND (SC-SM), with GRAVEL, mottled dark brown, orange brown, rust, loose, fine to coarse grained BIOTITE SCHIST, (Metamorphic Bedrock), orange brown, grey, rust to to pink, tan/white, orange, grey, weathered to very hard, with mica Intermittent very hard lenses below about 10 feet Boring Terminated at 19.5 Feet 6.5 19.5 7543.5+/- 7530.5+/- Hammer Type: AutomaticStratification lines are approximate. In-situ, the transition may be gradual. TH I S B O R I N G L O G I S N O T V A L I D I F S E P A R A T E D F R O M O R I G I N A L R E P O R T . G E O S M A R T L O G - N O W E L L 2 2 1 9 5 0 4 0 O U R L A D Y O F T H E M . G P J T E R R A C O N _ D A T A T E M P L A T E . G D T 1 / 2 9 / 2 0 WA T E R L E V E L OB S E R V A T I O N S DE P T H ( F t . ) 5 10 15 FI E L D T E S T RE S U L T S SW E L L - C O N S O L / LO A D , ( % / p s f ) PE R C E N T F I N E S WA T E R CO N T E N T ( % ) DR Y U N I T WE I G H T ( p c f ) ATTERBERG LIMITS LL-PL-PI LOCATION See Exploration Plan Latitude: 40.3816° Longitude: -105.5079° GR A P H I C L O G DEPTH ELEVATION (Ft.) Approximate Surface Elev.: 7550 (Ft.) +/- Page 1 of 1 Advancement Method: 4-inch diameter solid stem auger Abandonment Method: Boring backfilled with auger cuttings after completion of drilling. Notes: Project No.: 22195040 Drill Rig: CME-45 BORING LOG NO. TB-3 Our Lady of the Mountains Catholic ChurchCLIENT: Estes Park, CO Driller: ODELL Boring Completed: 01-22-2020 PROJECT: Our Lady of the Mtns. Catholic Church - Rectory & Kitchen Addn. Elevation was interpolated from a topographic site plan. See Exploration and Testing Procedures for a description of field and laboratory procedures used and additional data (If any). See Supporting Information for explanation of symbols and abbreviations. 920 Big Thompson Avenue Estes Park, Colorado SITE: Boring Started: 01-22-2020 1831 Lefthand Cir Ste C Longmont, CO None encountered after completion of drilling Backfilled after completion of drilling WATER LEVEL OBSERVATIONS SA M P L E T Y P E -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 100 1,000 10,000 105 AX I A L S T R A I N , % PRESSURE, psf NOTES: Sample exhibited 0.5 percent compression upon wetting under an applied pressure of 500 psf. SWELL CONSOLIDATION TEST PROJECT NUMBER: 22195040 SITE: 920 Big Thompson Avenue Estes Park, Colorado PROJECT: Our Lady of the Mtns. Catholic Church - Rectory & Kitchen Addn. CLIENT: Our Lady of the Mountains Catholic Church Estes Park, CO 1831 Lefthand Cir Ste C Longmont, CO LA B O R A T O R Y T E S T S A R E N O T V A L I D I F S E P A R A T E D F R O M O R I G I N A L R E P O R T . T C _ C O N S O L _ S T R A I N - U S C S - N O A S T M 2 2 1 9 5 0 4 0 O U R L A D Y O F T H E M . G P J T E R R A C O N _ D A T A T E M P L A T E . G D T 1 / 2 7 / 2 0 119 7TB-3 FILL; SILTY, CLAYEY SAND (SC-SM)2 - 3 ft Specimen Identification Classification , pcf WC, % -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 100 1,000 10,000 105 AX I A L S T R A I N , % PRESSURE, psf NOTES: Sample exhibited 0.3 percent compression upon wetting under an applied pressure of 1,000 psf. SWELL CONSOLIDATION TEST PROJECT NUMBER: 22195040 SITE: 920 Big Thompson Avenue Estes Park, Colorado PROJECT: Our Lady of the Mtns. Catholic Church - Rectory & Kitchen Addn. CLIENT: Our Lady of the Mountains Catholic Church Estes Park, CO 1831 Lefthand Cir Ste C Longmont, CO LA B O R A T O R Y T E S T S A R E N O T V A L I D I F S E P A R A T E D F R O M O R I G I N A L R E P O R T . T C _ C O N S O L _ S T R A I N - U S C S - N O A S T M 2 2 1 9 5 0 4 0 O U R L A D Y O F T H E M . G P J T E R R A C O N _ D A T A T E M P L A T E . G D T 1 / 2 7 / 2 0 115 8TB-3 FILL; SILTY, CLAYEY SAND (SC-SM)4 - 5 ft Specimen Identification Classification , pcf WC, % 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0.0010.010.1110100 30 40 501.5 200681014413/4 1/2 60 GRAIN SIZE IN MILLIMETERS PE R C E N T F I N E R B Y W E I G H T HYDROMETERU.S. SIEVE OPENING IN INCHES U.S. SIEVE NUMBERS 4 3/8 3 100 14032 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION ASTM D422 / ASTM C136 6 16 20 PROJECT NUMBER: 22195040 SITE: 920 Big Thompson Avenue Estes Park, Colorado PROJECT: Our Lady of the Mtns. Catholic Church - Rectory & Kitchen Addn. CLIENT: Our Lady of the Mountains Catholic Church Estes Park, CO 1831 Lefthand Cir Ste C Longmont, CO LA B O R A T O R Y T E S T S A R E N O T V A L I D I F S E P A R A T E D F R O M O R I G I N A L R E P O R T . G R A I N S I Z E : U S C S - 2 2 2 1 9 5 0 4 0 O U R L A D Y O F T H E M . G P J T E R R A C O N _ D A T A T E M P L A T E . G D T 1 / 2 7 / 2 0 medium TB-1 TB-3 coarse coarsefine fineCOBBLESGRAVELSAND SILT OR CLAY SILTY SAND (SM) SILTY, CLAYEY SAND with GRAVEL (SC-SM) NP 25 21.5 13.7 TB-1 TB-3 NP 4 NP 21 0.5 - 2 4 - 5 0.5 - 2 4 - 5 2.3 22.9 76.2 63.4 9.5 25 0.337 1.908 0.115 0.338 Boring ID Depth WC (%)LL PL PI Cc Cu %Clay%Fines%Silt%Sand%Gravel Boring ID Depth D100 D60 D30 D10 USCS Classification %Cobbles 0.0 0.0 SUPPORTING INFORMA TION SUPPORTING INFORMATION GENERAL NOTES OLM New Rectory and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM OLM New Rectory and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 Criteria for Assigning Group Symbols and Group Names Using Laboratory Tests A Soil Classification Group Symbol Group Name B Coarse-Grained Soils: More than 50% retained on No. 200 sieve Gravels: More than 50% of coarse fraction retained on No. 4 sieve Clean Gravels: Less than 5% fines C Cu  4 and 1  Cc  3 E GW Well-graded gravel F Cu  4 and/or 1  Cc  3 E GP Poorly graded gravel F Gravels with Fines: More than 12% fines C Fines classify as ML or MH GM Silty gravel F,G,H Fines classify as CL or CH GC Clayey gravel F,G,H Sands: 50% or more of coarse fraction passes No. 4 sieve Clean Sands: Less than 5% fines D Cu  6 and 1  Cc  3 E SW Well-graded sand I Cu  6 and/or 1  Cc  3 E SP Poorly graded sand I Sands with Fines: More than 12% fines D Fines classify as ML or MH SM Silty sand G,H,I Fines classify as CL or CH SC Clayey sand G,H,I Fine-Grained Soils: 50% or more passes the No. 200 sieve Silts and Clays: Liquid limit less than 50 Inorganic: PI  7 and plots on or above “A” line J CL Lean clay K,L,M PI  4 or plots below “A” line J ML Silt K,L,M Organic: Liquid limit - oven dried  0.75 OL Organic clay K,L,M,N Liquid limit - not dried Organic silt K,L,M,O Silts and Clays: Liquid limit 50 or more Inorganic: PI plots on or above “A” line CH Fat clay K,L,M PI plots below “A” line MH Elastic Silt K,L,M Organic: Liquid limit - oven dried  0.75 OH Organic clay K,L,M,P Liquid limit - not dried Organic silt K,L,M,Q Highly organic soils: Primarily organic matter, dark in color, and organic odor PT Peat A Based on the material passing the 3-inch (75-mm) sieve B If field sample contained cobbles or boulders, or both, add “with cobbles or boulders, or both” to group name. C Gravels with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols: GW -GM well-graded gravel with silt, GW-GC well-graded gravel with clay, GP-GM poorly graded gravel with silt, GP-GC poorly graded gravel with clay. D Sands with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols: SW -SM well-graded sand with silt, SW -SC well-graded sand with clay, SP-SM poorly graded sand with silt, SP-SC poorly graded sand with clay E Cu = D60/D10 Cc = 6010 2 30 DxD )(D F If soil contains  15% sand, add “with sand” to group name. G If fines classify as CL-ML, use dual symbol GC-GM, or SC-SM. H If fines are organic, add “with organic fines” to group name. I If soil contains  15% gravel, add “with gravel” to group name. J If Atterberg limits plot in shaded area, soil is a CL-ML, silty clay. K If soil contains 15 to 29% plus No. 200, add “with sand” or “with gravel,” whichever is predominant. L If soil contains  30% plus No. 200 predominantly sand, add “sandy” to group name. M If soil contains  30% plus No. 200, predominantly gravel, add “gravelly” to group name. N PI  4 and plots on or above “A” line. O PI  4 or plots below “A” line. P PI plots on or above “A” line. Q PI plots below “A” line. DESCRIPTION OF ROCK PROPERTIES OLM New Rectory and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 DESCRIPTION OF ROCK PROPERTIES (Based on ASTM C-294) Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks form from igneous, sedimentary, or pre-existing metamorphic rocks in response to changes in chemical and physical conditions occurring within the earth’s crust after formation of the original rock. The changes may be textural, structural, or mineralogic and may be accompanied by changes in chemical composition. The rocks are dense and may be massive but are more frequently foliated (laminated or layered) and tend to break into platy particles. The mineral composition is very variable depending in part on the degree of metamorphism and in part on the composition of the original rock. Marble A recrystallized medium- to coarse-grained carbonate rock composed of calcite or dolomite, or calcite and dolomite. The original impurities are present in the form of new minerals, such as micas, amphiboles, pyroxenes, and graphite. Metaquartzite A granular rock consisting essentially of recrystallized quartz. Its strength and resistance to weathering derive from the interlocking of the quartz grains. Slate A fine-grained metamorphic rock that is distinctly laminated and tends to split into thin parallel layers. The mineral composition usually cannot be determined with the unaided eye. Schist A highly layered rock tending to split into nearly parallel planes (schistose) in which the grain is coarse enough to permit identification of the principal minerals. Schists are subdivided into varieties on the basis of the most prominent mineral present in addition to quartz or to quartz and feldspars; for instance, mica schist. Greenschist is a green schistose rock whose color is due to abundance of one or more of the green minerals, chlorite or amphibole, and is commonly derived from altered volcanic rock. Gneiss One of the most common metamorphic rocks, usually formed from igneous or sedimentary rocks by a higher degree of metamorphism than the schists. It is characterized by a layered or foliated structure resulting from approximately parallel lenses and bands of platy minerals, usually micas or prisms, usually amphiboles, and of granular minerals, usually quartz and feldspars. All intermediate varieties between gneiss and schist and between gneiss and granite are often found in the same areas in which well-defined gneisses occur. UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM OLM New Rectory and Kitchen Addition ■ Estes Park, Colorado February 14, 2020 ■ Terracon Project No. 22195040 DESCRIPTION OF ROCK PROPERTIES (Based on ASTM C-294) Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks are formed by cooling from a molten rock mass (magma). Igneous rocks are divided into two classes (1) plutonic, or intrusive, that have cooled slowly within the earth; and (2) volcanic, or extrusive, that formed from quickly cooled lavas. Plutonic rocks have grain sizes greater than approximately 1 mm, and are classified as coarse- or medium-grained. Volcanic rocks have grain sizes less than approximately 1 mm, and are classified as fine-grained. Volcanic rocks frequently contain glass. Both plutonic and volcanic rocks may consist of porphyries that are characterized by the presence of large mineral grains in a fine -grained or glassy groundmass. This is the result of sharp changes in rate of cooling or other physico-chemical conditions during solidification of the melt. Granite Granite is a medium- to coarse-grained light-colored rock characterized by the presence of potassium feldspar with lesser amounts of plagioclase feldspars and quartz. The characteristic potassium feldspars are othoclase or microcline, or both; the common plagioclase feldspars are albite and oligoclase. Feldspars are more abundant than quartz. Dark-colored mica (biotite) is usually present, and light- colored mica (muscovite) is frequently present. Other dark-colored ferromagnesian minerals, especially honblende, may be present in amounts less than those of the light-colored constituents. Quartz-Monzonite Rocks similar to granite but contain more plagioclase feldspar than potassium and Grano-Diorite feldspar. Basalt Fine-grained extrusive equivalent of gabbro and diabase. When basalt contains natural glass, the glass is generally lower in silica content than that of the lighter - colored extrusive rocks.